[{"id":359,"title":"DistroSea: Linux Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 Taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131zdan Test Edin","content":"<p>Linux d&uuml;nyas\u0131na yeni ad\u0131m atmay\u0131 d&uuml;\u015f&uuml;n&uuml;yor ama hangi da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 se&ccedil;ece\u011finize karar veremiyorsan\u0131z, ya da sadece farkl\u0131 sistemleri merak ediyorsan\u0131z, DistroSea tam size g&ouml;re bir platform.<\/p>\n<p><iframe style=\"width: 690px; height: 388px;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Z5eQuqSZ0-g?si=XKdFEsaonySePBoX\" width=\"690\" height=\"388\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h2>DistroSea Nedir?<\/h2>\n<p>DistroSea, kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n farkl\u0131 Linux da\u011f\u0131t\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 ve BSD i\u015fletim sistemlerini <strong>indirme veya kurulum yapmadan<\/strong>, do\u011frudan web taray\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 &uuml;zerinden deneyebilmelerine olanak tan\u0131yan &uuml;cretsiz bir &ccedil;evrimi&ccedil;i hizmettir. Sanal makine teknolojisi sayesinde, ger&ccedil;ek bir kurulum riskine girmeden istedi\u011finiz i\u015fletim sistemini ke\u015ffedebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<h2>Nas\u0131l &Ccedil;al\u0131\u015f\u0131r?<\/h2>\n<p>Platform, ThinLinc gibi uzaktan masa&uuml;st&uuml; eri\u015fim ara&ccedil;lar\u0131yla entegre &ccedil;al\u0131\u015farak size g&uuml;venli ve h\u0131zl\u0131 bir deneyim sunar. Yaln\u0131zca birka&ccedil; t\u0131klamayla bir sanal makine ba\u015flat\u0131l\u0131r ve se&ccedil;ti\u011finiz Linux da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131zda a&ccedil;\u0131l\u0131r. Ger&ccedil;ek bir bilgisayarda &ccedil;al\u0131\u015f\u0131yormu\u015f gibi dosya y&ouml;neticisini kullanabilir, uygulamalar\u0131 test edebilir ve aray&uuml;z&uuml; ke\u015ffedebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<h2>Hangi Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131mlar Mevcut?<\/h2>\n<p>DistroSea olduk&ccedil;a geni\u015f bir katalog sunar:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pop&uuml;ler Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131mlar:<\/strong> Ubuntu, Fedora, Debian, Linux Mint, Arch Linux, openSUSE, Manjaro gibi yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131lan sistemler<\/p>\n<p><strong>Hafif Alternatifler:<\/strong> Puppy Linux, antiX, MX Linux gibi eski donan\u0131mlar i&ccedil;in optimize edilmi\u015f da\u011f\u0131t\u0131mlar<\/p>\n<p><strong>&Ouml;zel Ama&ccedil;l\u0131 Sistemler:<\/strong> Kali Linux (g&uuml;venlik testi), Tails (gizlilik odakl\u0131), elementary OS (macOS benzeri aray&uuml;z) gibi niche se&ccedil;enekler<\/p>\n<p><strong>BSD Sistemleri:<\/strong> FreeBSD, OpenBSD gibi Unix t&uuml;revi i\u015fletim sistemleri<\/p>\n<h2>Kimler \u0130&ccedil;in \u0130deal?<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Yeni Ba\u015flayanlar:<\/strong> Linux'a ge&ccedil;i\u015f yapmay\u0131 d&uuml;\u015f&uuml;nenler i&ccedil;in risk almadan test ortam\u0131<\/p>\n<p><strong>Merakl\u0131lar:<\/strong> Farkl\u0131 masa&uuml;st&uuml; ortamlar\u0131n\u0131 ve da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m felsefelerini ke\u015ffetmek isteyenler<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sistem Y&ouml;neticileri:<\/strong> Bir da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 sunucuya kurmadan &ouml;nce aray&uuml;z&uuml;n&uuml; ve ara&ccedil;lar\u0131n\u0131 g&ouml;zden ge&ccedil;irmek isteyenler<\/p>\n<p><strong>&Ouml;\u011frenciler ve E\u011fitmenler:<\/strong> Linux e\u011fitiminde pratik yapma imkan\u0131 arayanlar<\/p>\n<h2>Avantajlar\u0131<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>S\u0131f\u0131r Kurulum:<\/strong> Bilgisayar\u0131n\u0131za hi&ccedil;bir \u015fey indirmeden hemen ba\u015flay\u0131n<\/li>\n<li><strong>H\u0131zl\u0131 Test:<\/strong> Her da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 birka&ccedil; dakika i&ccedil;inde deneyebilirsiniz<\/li>\n<li><strong>G&uuml;venli Ortam:<\/strong> Sanal makineler sayesinde kendi sisteminize zarar riski yok<\/li>\n<li><strong>&Uuml;cretsiz:<\/strong> Platform tamamen &uuml;cretsiz olarak kullan\u0131labilir<\/li>\n<li><strong>Geni\u015f Se&ccedil;enek:<\/strong> Onlarca farkl\u0131 da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m tek bir &ccedil;at\u0131 alt\u0131nda<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>S\u0131n\u0131rlamalar<\/h2>\n<p>Elbette &ccedil;evrimi&ccedil;i bir test ortam\u0131, ger&ccedil;ek bir kurulum kadar kapsaml\u0131 olamaz. Oturum s&uuml;releri s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r, performans internet h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131za ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r ve yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z de\u011fi\u015fiklikler kal\u0131c\u0131 olmaz. Ancak bir da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n genel hissini ve aray&uuml;z&uuml;n&uuml; anlamak i&ccedil;in fazlas\u0131yla yeterlidir.<\/p>\n<p>DistroSea, Linux ekosisteminin zenginli\u011fini ke\u015ffetmenin en kolay yollar\u0131ndan biri. Hangi da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n sizin i&ccedil;in en uygun oldu\u011funa karar vermeden &ouml;nce, ya da sadece farkl\u0131 sistemlere g&ouml;z atmak i&ccedil;in bu platformu mutlaka deneyin.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Platform:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/distrosea.com\/\">distrosea.com<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Linux yolculu\u011funuz bir taray\u0131c\u0131 sekmesi kadar yak\u0131n!<\/p>","excerpt":"Linux d\u00fcnyas\u0131na yeni ad\u0131m atmay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor ama hangi da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 se\u00e7ece\u011finize karar veremiyorsan\u0131z, ya da sadece farkl\u0131 sistemleri merak ediyorsan\u0131z, DistroSea tam size g\u00f6re bir platform.","created_at":"2025-11-30 15:40:36","updated_at":"2026-09-23 13:08:29","category_id":10,"view_count":798,"reading_time":3,"status":"published","editor_choice":0,"is_editor_choice":0,"published_at":"2025-11-30 12:40:36","featured_image":"62a86ead6e329e3e9877c7845f810a4c.png","slug":"distrosea-linux-dagitimlarini-tarayicinizdan-test-edin","category_name":"nix Linux Unix","category_slug":"nix-linux-unix","category_color":"#2a1952"},{"id":15,"title":"Linux'ta Sistem A\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131nda iSCSI Kurulumu","content":"<p>iSCSI (Internet Small Computer Systems Interface), a\u011f &uuml;zerinden depolama cihazlar\u0131na eri\u015fim sa\u011flayan g&uuml;&ccedil;l&uuml; bir protokold&uuml;r.&nbsp; Linux sistemlerde sistem a&ccedil;\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131nda otomatik olarak iSCSI ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 kurmay\u0131 anlataca\u011f\u0131m; iSCSI sistem a&ccedil;\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131nda otomatik olarak yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, uzak depolama alanlar\u0131na local diskler gibi eri\u015fim sa\u011flayabilirsiniz. Bu &ouml;zellikle sunucu ortamlar\u0131nda ve merkezi depolama &ccedil;&ouml;z&uuml;mlerinde olduk&ccedil;a kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n<h2><img style=\"max-width: 100%; height: auto;\" src=\"..\/..\/..\/uploads\/images\/6898f400d5e78_1754854400.png\" alt=\"Y&uuml;klenen resim\"><\/h2>\r\n<h2>Gereksinimler<\/h2>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Linux i\u015fletim sistemi (Arch Linux &ouml;rne\u011fi kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r)<\/li>\r\n<li>A\u011fda eri\u015filebilir iSCSI target sunucusu<\/li>\r\n<li>Sudo yetkilerine sahip kullan\u0131c\u0131 hesab\u0131<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>Gerekli Paketlerin Kurulumu<\/h2>\r\n<p>&Ouml;ncelikle iSCSI istemci ara&ccedil;lar\u0131n\u0131 kural\u0131m:<\/p>\r\n<pre><code>sudo pacman -S open-iscsi <\/code><\/pre>\r\n<h2>Servislerin Etkinle\u015ftirilmesi<\/h2>\r\n<p>iSCSI servislerini sistem a&ccedil;\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131nda otomatik olarak ba\u015flatmak i&ccedil;in:<\/p>\r\n<pre><code>sudo systemctl enable iscsid.service --now sudo systemctl enable iscsi.service <\/code><\/pre>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><code>iscsid.service<\/code>: iSCSI daemon servisi<\/li>\r\n<li><code>iscsi.service<\/code>: iSCSI ba\u011flant\u0131 y&ouml;netim servisi<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>Hedef Sunucular\u0131n Ke\u015ffi<\/h2>\r\n<p>Network &uuml;zerindeki iSCSI target'lar\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015ffetmek i&ccedil;in:<\/p>\r\n<pre><code>sudo iscsiadm -m discovery -t sendtargets -p  <\/code><\/pre>\r\n<p><strong>&Ouml;rnek &ccedil;\u0131kt\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<pre><code>192.168.1.100:3260,1 iqn.2023-01.com.example:storage.target1 <\/code><\/pre>\r\n<blockquote><strong>Not:<\/strong> Bu &ccedil;\u0131kt\u0131daki IQN (iSCSI Qualified Name) de\u011ferini not al\u0131n, sonraki ad\u0131mlarda gerekecek!<\/blockquote>\r\n<h2>Mevcut Oturumlar\u0131n Kontrol Edilmesi<\/h2>\r\n<p>Aktif iSCSI oturumlar\u0131n\u0131 g&ouml;r&uuml;nt&uuml;lemek i&ccedil;in:<\/p>\r\n<pre><code>sudo iscsiadm -m session <\/code><\/pre>\r\n<h2>Target'a Ba\u011flanma<\/h2>\r\n<p>Ke\u015ffedilen target'a ba\u011flanmak i&ccedil;in:<\/p>\r\n<pre><code>sudo iscsiadm -m node -T  -p  --login <\/code><\/pre>\r\n<h2>Otomatik Ba\u015flatman\u0131n Yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/h2>\r\n<h3>Otomatik Target Ke\u015ffini Ayarlama<\/h3>\r\n<p>Target'\u0131n sistem a&ccedil;\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131nda otomatik olarak ba\u011flanmas\u0131 i&ccedil;in:<\/p>\r\n<pre><code>sudo iscsiadm -m node -T  -p  --op update -n node.startup -v automatic <\/code><\/pre>\r\n<h3>Disk UUID'sinin Belirlenmesi<\/h3>\r\n<p>Ba\u011flanan iSCSI diskinin UUID'sini &ouml;\u011frenmek i&ccedil;in:<\/p>\r\n<pre><code>sudo blkid <\/code><\/pre>\r\n<p>Bu komut t&uuml;m disk b&ouml;l&uuml;mlerini ve UUID'lerini listeler.<\/p>\r\n<h3>Otomatik Mount \u0130&ccedil;in fstab Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131<\/h3>\r\n<p><code>\/etc\/fstab<\/code> dosyas\u0131na a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sat\u0131r\u0131 ekleyin:<\/p>\r\n<pre><code>UUID= \/mount_noktas\u0131  x-systemd.after=network-online.target,x-systemd.automount,x-systemd.mount-timeout=90,_netdev 0 0 <\/code><\/pre>\r\n<p><strong>Parametreler a&ccedil;\u0131klamas\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><code>x-systemd.after=network-online.target<\/code>: Network ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131ndan sonra mount et<\/li>\r\n<li><code>x-systemd.automount<\/code>: Otomatik mount etkinle\u015ftir<\/li>\r\n<li><code>x-systemd.mount-timeout=90<\/code>: 90 saniye timeout s&uuml;resi<\/li>\r\n<li><code>_netdev<\/code>: Bu bir network device oldu\u011funu belirtir<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>Ba\u011flant\u0131y\u0131 Sonland\u0131rma<\/h2>\r\n<h3>Manuel Ba\u011flant\u0131 Kesme<\/h3>\r\n<pre><code>sudo iscsiadm -m node -u <\/code><\/pre>\r\n<h3>Target'\u0131 Tamamen Silme<\/h3>\r\n<pre><code>sudo iscsiadm -m node -o delete -T  -p  <\/code><\/pre>\r\n<blockquote><strong>&Ouml;nemli:<\/strong> <code>\/etc\/fstab<\/code> dosyas\u0131ndan da ilgili giri\u015fleri silmeyi unutmay\u0131n!<\/blockquote>\r\n<p><strong>Ba\u011flant\u0131 Problemi<\/strong>: Network ba\u011flant\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ve firewall ayarlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 kontrol edin <strong>Mount Hatas\u0131<\/strong>: UUID'nin do\u011fru oldu\u011fundan ve dosya sisteminin desteklendi\u011finden emin olun <strong>Servis Problemi<\/strong>: <code>systemctl status iscsid<\/code> komutu ile servis durumunu kontrol edin Bu yap\u0131land\u0131rma sayesinde sistem her a&ccedil;\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda iSCSI target'lar\u0131n\u0131z otomatik olarak ba\u011flanacak ve mount edilecektir. kaynaklar : https:\/\/wiki.archlinux.org\/title\/ISCSI\/Boot https:\/\/www.reddit.com\/r\/sysadmin\/comments\/xzwic6\/is_booting_from_iscsi_a_thing_in_2022\/ &nbsp;<\/p>","excerpt":"iSCSI (Internet Small Computer Systems Interface), a\u011f \u00fczerinden depolama cihazlar\u0131na eri\u015fim sa\u011flayan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir protokold\u00fcr.\u00a0 Linux...","created_at":"2025-08-08 09:51:30","updated_at":"2026-09-23 13:09:40","category_id":6,"view_count":674,"reading_time":3,"status":"published","editor_choice":0,"is_editor_choice":0,"published_at":"2025-08-08 09:51:30","featured_image":"resimyok.jpg","slug":"linuxta-sistem-acilisinda-iscsi-kurulumu","category_name":"Sistem","category_slug":"sistem","category_color":"#3b82f6"},{"id":16,"title":"Terminalde Log Dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 Ger\u00e7ek Zamanl\u0131 Ke\u015ffet","content":"<h1>lnav (Log File Navigator) - Kapsaml\u0131 Rehber<\/h1>\r\n<p>Log dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 analiz etmek sistem y&ouml;neticisi ve geli\u015ftiricilerin en s\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 g&ouml;revlerden biridir. <code>tail -f<\/code>, <code>grep<\/code>, <code>less<\/code> gibi ara&ccedil;lar\u0131 birli\u015ftirip s&uuml;rekli terminal de\u011fi\u015ftirmek yorucu de\u011fil mi? <strong>lnav (Log File Navigator)<\/strong> tam bu sorunu &ccedil;&ouml;zmek i&ccedil;in tasarlanm\u0131\u015f devrimsel bir ara&ccedil;t\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n<h2>\ud83c\udfaf lnav Nedir?<\/h2>\r\n<p>lnav, log dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 analiz etmek i&ccedil;in &ouml;zel olarak tasarlanm\u0131\u015f geli\u015fmi\u015f bir terminal uygulamas\u0131d\u0131r. Apache, Nginx, systemd journal, Docker, PostgreSQL ve y&uuml;zlerce farkl\u0131 log format\u0131n\u0131 otomatik olarak alg\u0131layarak tek bir aray&uuml;zde birle\u015ftirir.<\/p>\r\n<h3>Temel Avantajlar:<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><strong>&Ccedil;oklu format deste\u011fi:<\/strong> 100+ log format\u0131n\u0131 otomatik alg\u0131lar<\/li>\r\n<li><strong>Ger&ccedil;ek zamanl\u0131 izleme:<\/strong> Dosyalar de\u011fi\u015ftik&ccedil;e otomatik g&uuml;ncellenir<\/li>\r\n<li><strong>SQL sorgular\u0131:<\/strong> Log verilerini SQL ile sorgulayabilirsiniz<\/li>\r\n<li><strong>Zaman senkronizasyonu:<\/strong> Farkl\u0131 kaynaklardan gelen loglar\u0131 zaman damgas\u0131na g&ouml;re birle\u015ftirir<\/li>\r\n<li><strong>G&ouml;rsel aray&uuml;z:<\/strong> Renkli syntax highlighting ve histogram g&ouml;r&uuml;n&uuml;m&uuml;<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>\ud83d\udcbe Kurulum<\/h2>\r\n<h3>Linux (Debian\/Ubuntu):<\/h3>\r\n<pre class=\"language-bash\"><code># APT ile kurulum\r\nsudo apt-get update\r\nsudo apt-get install lnav\r\n\r\n# Snap ile kurulum\r\nsudo snap install lnav<\/code><\/pre>\r\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\r\n<h3>Linux (Red Hat\/CentOS\/Fedora):<\/h3>\r\n<pre class=\"language-bash\"><code># DNF ile kurulum (Fedora)\r\nsudo dnf install lnav\r\n\r\n# YUM ile kurulum (CentOS\/RHEL)\r\nsudo yum install lnav\r\n# EPEL repository gerekli olabilir\r\nsudo yum install epel-release<\/code><\/pre>\r\n<h3>macOS:<\/h3>\r\n<pre class=\"language-bash\"><code># Homebrew ile kurulum (&ouml;nerilen)\r\nbrew install lnav\r\n\r\n# MacPorts ile kurulum\r\nsudo port install lnav<\/code><\/pre>\r\n<h3>Windows:<\/h3>\r\n<pre class=\"language-markup\"><code># Scoop ile kurulum\r\nscoop install lnav\r\n\r\n# Chocolatey ile kurulum\r\nchoco install lnav\r\n\r\n# WSL i&ccedil;inde Linux kurulum komutlar\u0131 kullan\u0131labilir<\/code><\/pre>\r\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\r\n<h3>Kaynak Koddan Kurulum:<\/h3>\r\n<pre class=\"language-bash\"><code># Gerekli ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\r\nsudo apt-get install build-essential libncurses5-dev libreadline-dev zlib1g-dev libbz2-dev libsqlite3-dev libcurl4-openssl-dev\r\n\r\n# Kaynak kodunu indirme ve derleme\r\nwget https:\/\/github.com\/tstack\/lnav\/releases\/download\/v0.11.2\/lnav-0.11.2.tar.gz\r\ntar xzf lnav-0.11.2.tar.gz\r\ncd lnav-0.11.2\r\n.\/configure\r\nmake\r\nsudo make install<\/code><\/pre>\r\n<h2>\ud83d\ude80 Temel Kullan\u0131m<\/h2>\r\n<h3>H\u0131zl\u0131 Ba\u015flang\u0131&ccedil;<\/h3>\r\n<pre class=\"language-bash\"><code># Tek dosya a&ccedil;ma\r\nlnav \/var\/log\/syslog\r\n\r\n# Birden fazla dosya a&ccedil;ma\r\nlnav \/var\/log\/nginx\/access.log \/var\/log\/nginx\/error.log\r\n\r\n# Dizindeki t&uuml;m loglar\u0131 a&ccedil;ma\r\nlnav \/var\/log\/\r\n\r\n# Compressed loglar\u0131 da dahil etme\r\nlnav \/var\/log\/*.log \/var\/log\/*.gz<\/code><\/pre>\r\n<h3>Ger&ccedil;ek Zamanl\u0131 \u0130zleme<\/h3>\r\n<pre class=\"language-bash\"><code># Watch mode ile ba\u015flatma\r\nlnav -t \/var\/log\/syslog\r\n\r\n# Tail mode (yeni sat\u0131rlar\u0131 takip et)\r\nlnav -f \/var\/log\/apache2\/access.log\r\n\r\n# Recursive mode (alt dizinleri de tara)\r\nlnav -r \/var\/log\/<\/code><\/pre>\r\n<h2>\ud83c\udfae \u0130nteraktif Komutlar ve Klavye K\u0131sayollar\u0131<\/h2>\r\n<h3>Navigasyon K\u0131sayollar\u0131<\/h3>\r\n<table>\r\n<thead>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>K\u0131sayol<\/th>\r\n<th>A&ccedil;\u0131klama<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Space\/b<\/td>\r\n<td>Sayfa a\u015fa\u011f\u0131\/yukar\u0131<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>&uarr;\/&darr;<\/td>\r\n<td>Sat\u0131r a\u015fa\u011f\u0131\/yukar\u0131<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Home\/End<\/td>\r\n<td>Dosya ba\u015f\u0131\/sonu<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>g\/G<\/td>\r\n<td>Belirli sat\u0131ra git \/ Son sat\u0131ra git<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>n\/N<\/td>\r\n<td>Sonraki\/&ouml;nceki arama sonucu<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\/<\/td>\r\n<td>Arama modunu a&ccedil;<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<h3>Zaman Navigasyonu<\/h3>\r\n<table>\r\n<thead>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>K\u0131sayol<\/th>\r\n<th>A&ccedil;\u0131klama<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>t<\/td>\r\n<td>Zaman damgas\u0131 g&ouml;r&uuml;n&uuml;m&uuml;n&uuml; a&ccedil;\/kapat<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>T<\/td>\r\n<td>Belirli zamana git<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>d\/D<\/td>\r\n<td>Bir g&uuml;n ileri\/geri<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>h\/H<\/td>\r\n<td>Bir saat ileri\/geri<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>m\/M<\/td>\r\n<td>Bir dakika ileri\/geri<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<h3>Filtreleme ve G&ouml;r&uuml;n&uuml;m<\/h3>\r\n<table>\r\n<thead>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>K\u0131sayol<\/th>\r\n<th>A&ccedil;\u0131klama<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>f<\/td>\r\n<td>Filtre men&uuml;s&uuml;n&uuml; a&ccedil;<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>F<\/td>\r\n<td>T&uuml;m filtreleri temizle<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>s<\/td>\r\n<td>Histogram g&ouml;r&uuml;n&uuml;m&uuml;n&uuml; a&ccedil;\/kapat<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>x<\/td>\r\n<td>Log level g&ouml;r&uuml;n&uuml;m&uuml;<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>X<\/td>\r\n<td>Geni\u015fletilmi\u015f g&ouml;r&uuml;n&uuml;m<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<h2>\ud83d\udd0d SQL Sorgular\u0131 ile Log Analizi<\/h2>\r\n<p>lnav'\u0131n en g&uuml;&ccedil;l&uuml; &ouml;zelliklerinden biri, log verilerini SQL ile sorgulayabilmesidir.<\/p>\r\n<h3>Temel SQL Komutlar\u0131<\/h3>\r\n<pre class=\"language-bash\"><code>-- Komut sat\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 a&ccedil;mak i&ccedil;in `:` tu\u015funa bas\u0131n\r\n\r\n-- T&uuml;m ERROR seviyesindeki loglar\u0131 g&ouml;ster\r\n:filter-in log_level = 'error'\r\n\r\n-- Son 1 saatteki loglar\u0131 listele\r\nSELECT * FROM all_logs WHERE log_time &gt;= datetime('now', '-1 hour')\r\n\r\n-- IP adresine g&ouml;re gruplama (Apache\/Nginx loglar\u0131 i&ccedil;in)\r\nSELECT c_ip, count(*) as hit_count \r\nFROM access_log \r\nGROUP BY c_ip \r\nORDER BY hit_count DESC \r\nLIMIT 10\r\n\r\n-- HTTP status kodlar\u0131n\u0131 analiz et\r\nSELECT sc_status, count(*) as count \r\nFROM access_log \r\nWHERE log_time &gt;= datetime('now', '-1 day') \r\nGROUP BY sc_status \r\nORDER BY count DESC\r\n\r\n-- Error loglar\u0131ndaki en s\u0131k tekrar eden mesajlar\u0131 bul\r\nSELECT log_body, count(*) as frequency \r\nFROM all_logs \r\nWHERE log_level = 'error' \r\nGROUP BY log_body \r\nORDER BY frequency DESC \r\nLIMIT 5<\/code><\/pre>\r\n<pre><code class=\"language-sql\">\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\r\n<h3>Geli\u015fmi\u015f Sorgular<\/h3>\r\n<pre class=\"language-bash\"><code>-- Zaman bazl\u0131 analiz (saatlik breakdown)\r\nSELECT strftime('%H', log_time) as hour, count(*) as request_count \r\nFROM access_log \r\nWHERE log_time &gt;= date('now') \r\nGROUP BY hour \r\nORDER BY hour\r\n\r\n-- Response time analizi\r\nSELECT avg(duration), min(duration), max(duration) \r\nFROM access_log \r\nWHERE sc_status = 200\r\n\r\n-- Hata oran\u0131 hesaplama\r\nSELECT (SELECT count(*) FROM access_log WHERE sc_status &gt;= 400) * 100.0 \/ \r\n       (SELECT count(*) FROM access_log) as error_percentage\r\n\r\n-- Unique ziyaret&ccedil;i say\u0131s\u0131\r\nSELECT count(DISTINCT c_ip) as unique_visitors \r\nFROM access_log \r\nWHERE log_time &gt;= date('now')<\/code><\/pre>\r\n<h2>\ud83d\udcca Geli\u015fmi\u015f &Ouml;zellikler<\/h2>\r\n<h3>1. Otomatik Format Alg\u0131lama<\/h3>\r\n<p>lnav otomatik olarak \u015fu formatlar\u0131 alg\u0131lar:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Apache Common\/Combined Log Format<\/li>\r\n<li>Nginx access\/error logs<\/li>\r\n<li>Syslog (RFC3164\/RFC5424)<\/li>\r\n<li>systemd Journal<\/li>\r\n<li>Docker container logs<\/li>\r\n<li>PostgreSQL logs<\/li>\r\n<li>MySQL logs<\/li>\r\n<li>JSON structured logs<\/li>\r\n<li>ve 100+ format daha...<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3>2. Custom Format Tan\u0131mlama<\/h3>\r\n<p><code>~\/.lnav\/formats\/<\/code> dizininde custom format dosyalar\u0131:<\/p>\r\n<pre class=\"language-bash\"><code>cat &gt; ~\/.lnav\/formats\/myapp.json &lt;&lt; EOF\r\n{\r\n  \"myapp_log\": {\r\n    \"title\": \"My Application Log Format\",\r\n    \"description\": \"Custom log format for my application\",\r\n    \"url\": \"http:\/\/example.com\/log-format\",\r\n    \"regex\": {\r\n      \"std\": {\r\n        \"pattern\": \"^(?P\\\\d{4}-\\\\d{2}-\\\\d{2} \\\\d{2}:\\\\d{2}:\\\\d{2}) \\\\[(?P\\\\w+)\\\\] (?P.*)\"\r\n      }\r\n    },\r\n    \"timestamp-field\": \"timestamp\",\r\n    \"level-field\": \"level\",\r\n    \"body-field\": \"body\"\r\n  }\r\n}\r\nEOF<\/code><\/pre>\r\n<h3>3. Bookmarks ve Annotations<\/h3>\r\n<pre>&nbsp;<\/pre>\r\n<pre class=\"language-bash\"><code># &Ouml;nemli loglar\u0131 i\u015faretle\r\n:bookmark \"Critical error occurred\"\r\n\r\n# Annotation ekle\r\n:comment \"This error started the cascade failure\"\r\n\r\n# Bookmark listesini g&ouml;r&uuml;nt&uuml;le\r\n:bookmarks<\/code><\/pre>\r\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\r\n<h3>4. Session Y&ouml;netimi<\/h3>\r\n<pre>&nbsp;<\/pre>\r\n<pre class=\"language-python\"><code># Session kaydet\r\n:save-session \/tmp\/debug-session.lnav\r\n\r\n# Session y&uuml;kle\r\nlnav -s \/tmp\/debug-session.lnav\r\n\r\n# Son session'\u0131 otomatik y&uuml;kle\r\nlnav -r<\/code><\/pre>\r\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\r\n<h2>\ud83d\udd27 Pratik Kullan\u0131m Senaryolar\u0131<\/h2>\r\n<h3>Senaryo 1: Web Server Log Analizi<\/h3>\r\n<pre>&nbsp;<\/pre>\r\n<pre class=\"language-bash\"><code># Nginx access ve error loglar\u0131n\u0131 birlikte analiz\r\nlnav \/var\/log\/nginx\/access.log \/var\/log\/nginx\/error.log\r\n\r\n# SQL ile analiz\r\n:;SELECT c_ip, count(*) FROM access_log GROUP BY c_ip ORDER BY count(*) DESC LIMIT 10\r\n:filter-in sc_status &gt;= 400<\/code><\/pre>\r\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\r\n<h3>Senaryo 2: Sistem Hatalar\u0131n\u0131 Takip<\/h3>\r\n<pre>&nbsp;<\/pre>\r\n<pre class=\"language-bash\"><code># Systemd journal ve syslog birlikte\r\nlnav \/var\/log\/syslog\r\n# veya\r\njournalctl -f | lnav\r\n\r\n# Error ve warning seviyelerini filtrele\r\n:filter-in log_level IN ('error', 'warning')<\/code><\/pre>\r\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\r\n<h3>Senaryo 3: Uygulama Debug<\/h3>\r\n<pre>&nbsp;<\/pre>\r\n<pre class=\"language-bash\"><code># Docker container loglar\u0131\r\ndocker logs -f myapp | lnav\r\n\r\n# Uygulama loglar\u0131 ile sistem loglar\u0131n\u0131 birle\u015ftir\r\nlnav \/var\/log\/myapp\/*.log \/var\/log\/syslog<\/code><\/pre>\r\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\r\n<h3>Senaryo 4: Performance Monitoring<\/h3>\r\n<pre>&nbsp;<\/pre>\r\n<pre class=\"language-bash\"><code># Apache access log performance analizi\r\nlnav \/var\/log\/apache2\/access.log\r\n\r\n# SQL ile yava\u015f requestleri bul\r\n:;SELECT cs_uri_stem, avg(duration) as avg_time FROM access_log GROUP BY cs_uri_stem HAVING avg_time &gt; 1000 ORDER BY avg_time DESC<\/code><\/pre>\r\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\r\n<h2>\ud83c\udfa8 G&ouml;rsel Customization<\/h2>\r\n<h3>Renk \u015eemalar\u0131<\/h3>\r\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># Tema de\u011fi\u015ftirme\r\n:config theme monokai\r\n:config theme solarized-dark\r\n:config theme default\r\n\r\n# Custom renk ayarlar\u0131\r\n~\/.lnav\/configs\/default\/config.json\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\r\n<h3>Histogram G&ouml;r&uuml;n&uuml;m&uuml;<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Histogram aktifle\u015ftir (s tu\u015fu)<\/li>\r\n<li>Zaman bazl\u0131 log da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 g&ouml;rsel olarak g&ouml;sterir<\/li>\r\n<li>Spike'lar\u0131 ve anomalileri kolayca tespit eder<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>\ud83d\udea8 Troubleshooting ve En \u0130yi Pratikler<\/h2>\r\n<h3>Performans Optimizasyonu<\/h3>\r\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># B&uuml;y&uuml;k loglar i&ccedil;in bellek kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rla\r\nexport LNAV_EXP_DISABLE_PRECOMPUTE=1\r\n\r\n# Index olu\u015fturmay\u0131 devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak (h\u0131z i&ccedil;in)\r\nlnav --no-index \/var\/log\/huge.log\r\n\r\n# Sadece son N sat\u0131r\u0131 y&uuml;kle\r\ntail -n 10000 \/var\/log\/big.log | lnav\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\r\n<h3>Yayg\u0131n Sorunlar ve &Ccedil;&ouml;z&uuml;mleri<\/h3>\r\n<p><strong>Problem:<\/strong> Log format\u0131 tan\u0131nm\u0131yor <strong>&Ccedil;&ouml;z&uuml;m:<\/strong> Manual format belirtme<\/p>\r\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">:open \/path\/to\/log.txt syslog\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\r\n<p><strong>Problem:<\/strong> &Ccedil;ok yava\u015f y&uuml;kleniyor <strong>&Ccedil;&ouml;z&uuml;m:<\/strong> Streaming mode kullan<\/p>\r\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">tail -f \/var\/log\/big.log | lnav -\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\r\n<p><strong>Problem:<\/strong> UTF-8 karakter sorunu <strong>&Ccedil;&ouml;z&uuml;m:<\/strong> Encoding belirt<\/p>\r\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">export LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8\r\nlnav \/var\/log\/app.log\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\r\n<h2>\ud83d\udcc8 Monitoring ve Alerting Entegrasyonu<\/h2>\r\n<h3>Script ile Otomasyonu<\/h3>\r\n<pre>&nbsp;<\/pre>\r\n<pre class=\"language-bash\"><code>#!\/bin\/bash\r\n# lnav-monitor.sh\r\n\r\nERROR_COUNT=$(lnav -n -c ':;SELECT count(*) FROM all_logs WHERE log_level=\"error\" AND log_time &gt;= datetime(\"now\", \"-5 minutes\")' \/var\/log\/app.log)\r\n\r\nif [ $ERROR_COUNT -gt 0 ]; then\r\n    echo \"ALERT: $ERROR_COUNT errors in last 5 minutes\"\r\n    # Send notification\r\nfi<\/code><\/pre>\r\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\r\n<h3>Prometheus Metrikleri<\/h3>\r\n<pre>&nbsp;<\/pre>\r\n<pre class=\"language-bash\"><code># Log metrics export\r\nlnav -c ':;SELECT log_level, count(*) FROM all_logs WHERE log_time &gt;= datetime(\"now\", \"-1 hour\") GROUP BY log_level' -n \/var\/log\/app.log | while read level count; do\r\n    echo \"log_entries_total{level=\\\"$level\\\"} $count\"\r\ndone<\/code><\/pre>\r\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\r\n<h2>\ud83d\udd17 Di\u011fer Ara&ccedil;larla Entegrasyon<\/h2>\r\n<h3>ELK Stack Alternative<\/h3>\r\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># lnav + jq + curl ile basit log aggregation\r\nlnav -c ':;SELECT * FROM all_logs WHERE log_level=\"error\"' -n \/var\/log\/*.log | jq -r '. | {timestamp, level, message}' | curl -X POST -H \"Content-Type: application\/json\" -d @- http:\/\/logserver\/api\/logs\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\r\n<h3>Grafana Integration<\/h3>\r\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># JSON output ile Grafana'ya veri g&ouml;nderme\r\nlnav -c ':;SELECT strftime(\"%Y-%m-%d %H:00:00\", log_time) as hour, count(*) FROM all_logs GROUP BY hour' -n \/var\/log\/app.log\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\r\n<h2>\ud83c\udf93 Pro Tips ve \u0130leri Seviye Kullan\u0131m<\/h2>\r\n<h3>1. Regular Expression G&uuml;&ccedil;l&uuml; Filtreleme<\/h3>\r\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># Regex ile filtreleme\r\n:filter-in log_body REGEXP 'user_id:\\s*(\\d+)'\r\n\r\n# IP adresi pattern'i\r\n:filter-in c_ip REGEXP '^192\\.168\\.'\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\r\n<h3>2. Multi-line Log Handling<\/h3>\r\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># Java stack trace gibi multi-line loglar i&ccedil;in\r\n:config show-time-offset true\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\r\n<h3>3. Export ve Payla\u015f\u0131m<\/h3>\r\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># Filtered loglar\u0131 export et\r\n:write-csv-to \/tmp\/filtered_logs.csv\r\n:write-json-to \/tmp\/logs.json\r\n\r\n# Screenshot benzeri text export\r\n:write-to \/tmp\/log_snapshot.txt\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\r\n<h3>4. Keyboard Shortcuts Customization<\/h3>\r\n<pre><code class=\"language-json\">\/\/ ~\/.lnav\/configs\/default\/keymap.json\r\n{\r\n  \"key-map\": {\r\n    \"x\": \":toggle-view\",\r\n    \"ctrl-r\": \":reset-session\"\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\r\n<h2>\ud83d\udcda Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma Tablosu<\/h2>\r\n<h2>&nbsp;<\/h2>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><img style=\"max-width: 100%; height: auto;\" src=\"..\/..\/..\/uploads\/images\/6899f02d37c66_1754918957.png\" alt=\"Y&uuml;klenen resim\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\ud83c\udfaf Sonu&ccedil; ve &Ouml;neriler<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p>lnav, log analizi i&ccedil;in g&uuml;&ccedil;l&uuml; ve kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131 bir ara&ccedil;t\u0131r. &Ouml;zellikle:<\/p>\r\n<h3>Kimler Kullanmal\u0131:<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><strong>System Administrators:<\/strong> Merkezi log analizi i&ccedil;in<\/li>\r\n<li><strong>DevOps Engineers:<\/strong> CI\/CD pipeline debugging<\/li>\r\n<li><strong>SRE Teams:<\/strong> Incident response ve post-mortem analizi<\/li>\r\n<li><strong>Developers:<\/strong> Application debugging ve performance tuning<\/li>\r\n<li><strong>Security Analysts:<\/strong> Security event correlation<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3>Kullan\u0131m &Ouml;nerileri:<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><strong>G&uuml;nl&uuml;k rutinde:<\/strong> <code>tail -f<\/code> yerine <code>lnav -f<\/code> kullan\u0131n<\/li>\r\n<li><strong>Debug sessions:<\/strong> Bookmarks ve annotations kullanarak &ouml;nemli noktalar\u0131 i\u015faretleyin<\/li>\r\n<li><strong>Performance tuning:<\/strong> SQL queries ile bottleneck analizi yap\u0131n<\/li>\r\n<li><strong>Team collaboration:<\/strong> Session dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 payla\u015farak debugging s&uuml;recini h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131n<\/li>\r\n<li><strong>Automation:<\/strong> Script'lerde lnav SQL &ouml;zelliklerini kullanarak otomatik raporlar olu\u015fturun<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3>Son Tavsiyeler:<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Interactive mode'u &ouml;\u011frenmeye zaman ay\u0131r\u0131n<\/li>\r\n<li>SQL sorgu &ouml;zelliklerini master edin<\/li>\r\n<li>Custom format tan\u0131mlamay\u0131 &ouml;\u011frenin<\/li>\r\n<li>Keyboard shortcuts'lar\u0131 ezberleyin<\/li>\r\n<li>Regular expression filtreleme kullan\u0131n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>Log analizi art\u0131k karma\u015f\u0131k bir s&uuml;re&ccedil; olmak zorunda de\u011fil. lnav ile tail, grep, less d&ouml;ng&uuml;s&uuml;nden kurtulun ve log'lar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 saniyeler i&ccedil;inde analiz edin!<\/p>\r\n<hr>\r\n<p><em>Bu rehber lnav v0.11+ s&uuml;r&uuml;m&uuml; baz al\u0131narak haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. En son &ouml;zellikler i&ccedil;in GitHub repository'yi takip edin.<\/em><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Etiketler:<\/strong> linux, lnav, logs, observability, sysadmin, devops, sre, terminal, dashboard, monitoring<\/p>","excerpt":"lnav (Log File Navigator) tam bu sorunu \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015f devrimsel bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r.","created_at":"2025-07-27 11:21:02","updated_at":"2026-09-07 16:17:37","category_id":6,"view_count":917,"reading_time":9,"status":"published","editor_choice":0,"is_editor_choice":0,"published_at":"2025-07-27 11:21:02","featured_image":"resimyok.jpg","slug":"terminalde-log-dosyalarini-gercek-zamanli-kesfet","category_name":"Sistem","category_slug":"sistem","category_color":"#3b82f6"},{"id":17,"title":"dua-cli: Disk Kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131","content":"<p>Disk alan\u0131n\u0131z doldu\u011funda ne yap\u0131yorsunuz? Muhtemelen <code>du -sh *<\/code> komutunu &ccedil;al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131p, sonu&ccedil;lar\u0131 manuel olarak s\u0131ralay\u0131p, hangi klas&ouml;rlerin ne kadar yer kaplad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlamaya &ccedil;al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorsunuz. Peki ya size bunun &ccedil;ok daha h\u0131zl\u0131, g&ouml;rsel ve kullan\u0131c\u0131 dostu bir yolu oldu\u011funu s&ouml;ylesem? \u0130\u015fte tam bu noktada <strong>dua-cli<\/strong> devreye giriyor.<\/p>\r\n<h2>\ud83c\udfaf dua-cli Nedir?<\/h2>\r\n<p><strong>dua-cli<\/strong> (Disk Usage Analyzer), disk kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 analiz eden, g&ouml;rselle\u015ftiren ve y&ouml;neten modern bir terminal arac\u0131d\u0131r. Rust programlama dili ile geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f olan bu ara&ccedil;, geleneksel <code>du<\/code> komutunun modern ve kullan\u0131c\u0131 dostu bir alternatifidir.<\/p>\r\n<h3>Temel &Ouml;zellikler:<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><strong>H\u0131zl\u0131 tarama<\/strong>: Multi-thread deste\u011fi ile b&uuml;y&uuml;k diskleri saniyeler i&ccedil;inde analiz eder<\/li>\r\n<li><strong>G&ouml;rsel aray&uuml;z<\/strong>: Renkli TUI (Terminal User Interface) ile klas&ouml;r boyutlar\u0131n\u0131 hiyerar\u015fik grafiklerle sunar<\/li>\r\n<li><strong>Interaktif kullan\u0131m<\/strong>: Klavye k\u0131sayollar\u0131 ile klas&ouml;rlerde gezinme ve i\u015flem yapma<\/li>\r\n<li><strong>Canl\u0131 silme<\/strong>: Gereksiz dosya ve klas&ouml;rleri do\u011frudan ara&ccedil; i&ccedil;inden silebilme<\/li>\r\n<li><strong>Export &ouml;zelli\u011fi<\/strong>: Sonu&ccedil;lar\u0131 CSV format\u0131nda d\u0131\u015fa aktarabilme<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>\ud83d\udee0\ufe0f Kurulum Se&ccedil;enekleri<\/h2>\r\n<p>dua-cli'\u0131 farkl\u0131 i\u015fletim sistemlerinde &ccedil;e\u015fitli y&ouml;ntemlerle kurabilirsiniz:<\/p>\r\n<h3>macOS ve Linux:<\/h3>\r\n<pre data-enlighter-language=\"generic\"># Homebrew ile (&ouml;nerilen) brew install dua-cli # Rust Cargo ile cargo install dua-cli # Ubuntu\/Debian i&ccedil;in sudo apt install dua-cli # Arch Linux i&ccedil;in sudo pacman -S dua-cli<\/pre>\r\n<p>Windows:<\/p>\r\n<pre data-enlighter-language=\"generic\"># Scoop ile scoop install dua # Chocolatey ile choco install dua-cli # Cargo ile (Rust y&uuml;kl&uuml;yse) cargo install dua-cli<\/pre>\r\n<h3>Binary \u0130ndirme:<\/h3>\r\n<p>GitHub releases sayfas\u0131ndan i\u015fletim sisteminize uygun binary dosyay\u0131 indirebilirsiniz.<\/p>\r\n<h2>\ud83d\ude80 Kullan\u0131m K\u0131lavuzu<\/h2>\r\n<h3>Temel Komutlar<\/h3>\r\n<h4>1. Basit Analiz<\/h4>\r\n<pre data-enlighter-language=\"generic\"># Bulundu\u011funuz dizini analiz eder dua # Belirli bir dizini analiz eder dua \/home\/kullanici\/Documents<\/pre>\r\n<p>2. \u0130nteraktif Mod<\/p>\r\n<pre data-enlighter-language=\"generic\"># \u0130nteraktif modda analiz (&ouml;nerilen) dua i # Belirli dizini interaktif modda analiz dua i \/var\/log<\/pre>\r\n<p>3. &Ccedil;\u0131kt\u0131 Formatlar\u0131<\/p>\r\n<pre data-enlighter-language=\"generic\"># JSON format\u0131nda &ccedil;\u0131kt\u0131 dua -p json &gt; disk_analizi.json # CSV format\u0131nda &ccedil;\u0131kt\u0131 dua -p csv &gt; disk_raporu.csv # Sadece en b&uuml;y&uuml;k 10 klas&ouml;r&uuml; g&ouml;ster dua --top 10<\/pre>\r\n<h3>\u0130nteraktif Mod Klavye K\u0131sayollar\u0131<\/h3>\r\n<p><img src=\"..\/..\/..\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/dua.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"568\" height=\"243\"><\/p>\r\n<h3>Geli\u015fmi\u015f Kullan\u0131m Teknikleri<\/h3>\r\n<p>Performans Optimizasyonu<\/p>\r\n<pre data-enlighter-language=\"generic\"># Thread say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 manuel olarak ayarlama dua -t 8 \/ # Dosya say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlama (performans i&ccedil;in) dua --max-depth 3 \/home<\/pre>\r\n<p>Filtreleme ve Arama<\/p>\r\n<pre data-enlighter-language=\"generic\"># Sadece belirli uzant\u0131daki dosylar\u0131 g&ouml;ster dua -e \"*.log,*.tmp\" \/var # Minimum boyut filtresi dua --min-size 100M \/<\/pre>\r\n<p>Raporlama<\/p>\r\n<pre data-enlighter-language=\"generic\"># Detayl\u0131 CSV raporu olu\u015fturma dua -p csv --no-total | head -20 &gt; top_folders.csv # JSON &ccedil;\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 pretty-print yapma dua -p json | jq '.'<\/pre>\r\n<h3>G&ouml;rsel Aray&uuml;z ve Customization<\/h3>\r\n<pre data-enlighter-language=\"generic\"># &Ccedil;evre de\u011fi\u015fkenleri ile renk ayarlar\u0131 export DUA_COLOR_SCHEME=dark export DUA_GRAPH_TYPE=percentage<\/pre>\r\n<h3>Pratik Kullan\u0131m Senaryolar\u0131<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>&nbsp;Sistem analizi dua i \/<\/li>\r\n<li>B&uuml;y&uuml;k klas&ouml;rleri bulma \u0130nteraktif modda en b&uuml;y&uuml;k klas&ouml;rlere gidin<\/li>\r\n<li>Gereksiz dosyalar\u0131 temizleme Shift + D ile g&uuml;venli silme<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3>Log Dosyas\u0131 Y&ouml;netimi<\/h3>\r\n<pre data-enlighter-language=\"generic\"># Log dizinlerini analiz etme dua i \/var\/log # Eski log dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 bulma ve silme find \/var\/log -name \"*.log\" -mtime +30 -exec ls -lh {} \\;<\/pre>\r\n<h3>Proje Dizini Optimizasyonu<\/h3>\r\n<pre data-enlighter-language=\"generic\"># Node.js projeleri i&ccedil;in dua ~\/projects --pattern \"*node_modules*\" # Python projeleri i&ccedil;in dua ~\/projects --pattern \"*__pycache__*,*.pyc\"<\/pre>\r\n<h3>\u0130leri D&uuml;zey &Ouml;zellikler<\/h3>\r\n<p>Programatik Kullan\u0131m<\/p>\r\n<pre data-enlighter-language=\"generic\">#!\/bin\/bash # Otomatik temizlik scripti THRESHOLD=80 USAGE=$(df \/ | awk 'NR==2 {print $5}' | sed 's\/%\/\/') if ; then echo \"Disk kullan\u0131m\u0131 %$USAGE - Analiz ba\u015flat\u0131l\u0131yor...\" dua -p json \/ | jq '. | select(.size &gt; 1000000000)' fi<\/pre>\r\n<p>Monitoring Entegrasyonu<\/p>\r\n<pre data-enlighter-language=\"generic\"># GitHub Actions &ouml;rne\u011fi - name: Disk Usage Analysis run: | dua -p csv . &gt; disk_usage.csv # B&uuml;y&uuml;k dosyalar\u0131 tespit et ve uyar\u0131 ver<\/pre>\r\n<p>CI\/CD Pipeline Entegrasyonu<\/p>\r\n<pre data-enlighter-language=\"generic\"># GitHub Actions &ouml;rne\u011fi - name: Disk Usage Analysis run: | dua -p csv . &gt; disk_usage.csv # B&uuml;y&uuml;k dosyalar\u0131 tespit et ve uyar\u0131 ver<\/pre>\r\n<p>Sistem Performans\u0131<\/p>\r\n<pre data-enlighter-language=\"generic\"># D&uuml;\u015f&uuml;k &ouml;ncelikle &ccedil;al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma nice -n 19 dua i \/<\/pre>\r\n<h2>Alternatif Ara&ccedil;lar ile Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma<\/h2>\r\n<h3>dua-cli vs ncdu<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><strong>H\u0131z<\/strong>: dua-cli &ccedil;ok daha h\u0131zl\u0131<\/li>\r\n<li><strong>Aray&uuml;z<\/strong>: dua-cli daha modern ve renkli<\/li>\r\n<li><strong>&Ouml;zellikler<\/strong>: dua-cli daha fazla export se&ccedil;ene\u011fi sunar<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3>dua-cli vs dust<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><strong>Kullan\u0131m<\/strong>: dust daha basit, dua-cli daha feature-rich<\/li>\r\n<li><strong>Performans<\/strong>: Benzer h\u0131z performans\u0131<\/li>\r\n<li><strong>G&ouml;rsellik<\/strong>: dua-cli daha detayl\u0131 grafikler<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>\ud83d\udcad Sonu&ccedil; ve Tavsiyeler<\/h2>\r\n<p>dua-cli, disk y&ouml;netimi i&ccedil;in modern ve etkili bir &ccedil;&ouml;z&uuml;md&uuml;r. &Ouml;zellikle:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><strong>Sistem y&ouml;neticileri<\/strong> i&ccedil;in h\u0131zl\u0131 disk analizi<\/li>\r\n<li><strong>Geli\u015ftiriciler<\/strong> i&ccedil;in proje klas&ouml;r&uuml; optimizasyonu<\/li>\r\n<li><strong>Power user'lar<\/strong> i&ccedil;in detayl\u0131 disk raporlama<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>konular\u0131nda vazge&ccedil;ilmez bir ara&ccedil;t\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n<h3>Son Tavsiyeler:<\/h3>\r\n<ol>\r\n<li>\u0130nteraktif modu (<code>dua i<\/code>) varsay\u0131lan kullan\u0131m \u015fekliniz yap\u0131n<\/li>\r\n<li>B&uuml;y&uuml;k sistemlerde CSV export ile raporlama yap\u0131n<\/li>\r\n<li>Terminal ayarlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 optimize edin<\/li>\r\n<li>G&uuml;venli silme al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 edinin<\/li>\r\n<li>Scriptlerde JSON &ccedil;\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<p>Disk alan\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda art\u0131k panik yapmay\u0131n - dua-cli ile saniyeler i&ccedil;inde sorunun kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bulun ve &ccedil;&ouml;z&uuml;n!<\/p>\r\n<hr>\r\n<p><em>Bu blog yaz\u0131s\u0131 dua-cli v2.20+ s&uuml;r&uuml;m&uuml; baz al\u0131narak haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. En g&uuml;ncel &ouml;zellikler i&ccedil;in <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/Byron\/dua-cli\">GitHub sayfas\u0131n\u0131<\/a> kontrol edin.<\/em><\/p>","excerpt":"Disk alan\u0131n\u0131z doldu\u011funda ne yap\u0131yorsunuz? Muhtemelen du -sh * komutunu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131p, sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 manuel olarak s\u0131ralay\u0131p, hangi klas\u00f6rlerin...","created_at":"2025-07-27 11:11:29","updated_at":"2026-09-23 11:27:58","category_id":6,"view_count":746,"reading_time":5,"status":"published","editor_choice":0,"is_editor_choice":0,"published_at":"2025-07-27 11:11:00","featured_image":"api_pixabay_1762015024_69063730c76e1.jpg","slug":"dua-cli-disk-kullanimini","category_name":"Sistem","category_slug":"sistem","category_color":"#3b82f6"},{"id":18,"title":"\u0130\u015fletim sistemi se\u00e7im anahtar\u0131","content":"<p>Bilgisayarda hem Linux hem Windows kurulu olmas\u0131 (dual boot) ger&ccedil;ekten &ccedil;ok pratik - iki i\u015fletim sisteminin avantajlar\u0131ndan da yararlanabiliyorsunuz. Ama bu durumda beni s&uuml;rekli sinir eden bir \u015fey var.<\/p>\n<p>Linux'u a&ccedil;mak istedi\u011fimde i\u015fler &ccedil;ok basit: g&uuml;&ccedil; tu\u015funa bas\u0131yorum ve ba\u015fka hi&ccedil;bir \u015fey yapmama gerek yok, sistem otomatik olarak Linux'u a&ccedil;\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p>Ama Windows'u a&ccedil;mak istedi\u011fimde tam bir dram ya\u015fan\u0131yor! GRUB men&uuml;s&uuml; ekranda sadece birka&ccedil; saniye g&ouml;r&uuml;n&uuml;yor ve ben de o k\u0131sa s&uuml;re i&ccedil;inde klavyeye tam zaman\u0131nda basmak zorunday\u0131m. Yoksa sistem otomatik olarak Linux'u a&ccedil;\u0131yor. Bu ger&ccedil;ekten can s\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 bir durum.\"<\/p>\n<p>Yani k\u0131sacas\u0131: Linux a&ccedil;mak kolay ve otomatik, Windows a&ccedil;mak i&ccedil;in ise h\u0131zl\u0131 reflekslere ihtiya&ccedil; var!<\/p>\n<p>Bu proje, Linux ve Windows dual-boot sistemlerinde hangi i\u015fletim sisteminin ba\u015flat\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 se&ccedil;mek i&ccedil;in fiziksel bir anahtar kullanan &ccedil;ok yarat\u0131c\u0131 bir donan\u0131m &ccedil;&ouml;z&uuml;m&uuml;<\/p>\n<h2>&Ccedil;al\u0131\u015fma Prensibi<\/h2>\n<h3>1. <strong>USB Mass Storage Em&uuml;lasyonu<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>STM32 mikrodenetleyici, bilgisayara USB bellek olarak g&ouml;r&uuml;n&uuml;yor<\/li>\n<li>Ger&ccedil;ek depolama alan\u0131 yok, sadece sanal dosya sistemi (FAT12)<\/li>\n<li>Anahtar\u0131n pozisyonunu i&ccedil;eren bir dosya (<code>switch_position<\/code>) dinamik olarak olu\u015fturuluyor<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img src=\"..\/..\/..\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"671\" height=\"378\"> <img src=\"..\/..\/..\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/2-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"662\" height=\"374\"><\/p>\n<h3><strong>GRUB Entegrasyonu<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>GRUB boot loader'\u0131 \u015fu ad\u0131mlar\u0131 takip ediyor:<\/p>\n<pre data-enlighter-language=\"generic\"># Sabit filesystem ID ile cihaz\u0131 arar search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set hdswitch 55AA-6922 # Bulunursa, dinamik config dosyas\u0131n\u0131 okur source ($hdswitch)\/switch_position_grub.cfg # Anahtar pozisyonuna g&ouml;re i\u015fletim sistemi se&ccedil;er if ; then set default=\"0\" # Linux elif ; then set default=\"2\" # Windows fi<\/pre>\n<h3><strong>Donan\u0131m<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Mikrodenetleyici<\/strong>: STM32F103 \"Blue Pill\" (USB destekli)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Anahtar<\/strong>: Basit bir toggle switch<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ba\u011flant\u0131<\/strong>: GPIO pin'i anahtarla ground'a ba\u011flan\u0131yor<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pull-up<\/strong>: Internal pull-up kullan\u0131l\u0131yor<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Yaz\u0131l\u0131m Katmanlar\u0131<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>USB Descriptors<\/strong>: Mass storage class olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131yor<\/li>\n<li><strong>SCSI Protokol&uuml;<\/strong>: libopencm3'&uuml;n built-in implementasyonu<\/li>\n<li><strong>FAT12 Filesystem<\/strong>: Sanal dosya sistemi olu\u015fturuluyor<\/li>\n<li><strong>GRUB Script<\/strong>: Boot se&ccedil;imi yap\u0131l\u0131yor<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3><strong>Sanal Dosya Sistemi<\/strong><\/h3>\n<pre data-enlighter-language=\"generic\">struct VirtualFile { char* longName; struct FatDirEntry dir; void (*read) (uint8_t* output); }; static void readSwitch(uint8_t* output) { output = gpio_get(GPIOA, GPIO6) ? '1' : '0'; }<\/pre>\n<h2>Kurulum<\/h2>\n<h3>Donan\u0131m Kurulumu<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>STM32 board'\u0131n\u0131 USB'ye ba\u011fla<\/li>\n<li>Toggle switch'i GPIO pin'ine ba\u011fla<\/li>\n<li>Cihaz\u0131 masan\u0131n alt\u0131na monte et<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Yaz\u0131l\u0131m Kurulumu<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>GitHub'dan kodu indir: <code>github.com\/stecman\/hw-boot-selection<\/code><\/li>\n<li>libopencm3 ile derle<\/li>\n<li>STM32'ye y&uuml;kle<\/li>\n<li><code>\/etc\/grub.d\/00_header<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 d&uuml;zenle<\/li>\n<li><code>update-grub<\/code> komutunu &ccedil;al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Masa alt\u0131na monte edilen bu k&uuml;&ccedil;&uuml;k cihaz sayesinde, art\u0131k boot i\u015flemi tamamen otomatik. Hangi i\u015fletim sistemini kullanmak istiyorsa anahtar\u0131 o pozisyona getiriyor ve bilgisayar\u0131 a&ccedil;\u0131yor. GRUB men&uuml;s&uuml;yle u\u011fra\u015fmaya gerek kalm\u0131yor.<\/p>","excerpt":"Bilgisayarda hem Linux hem Windows kurulu olmas\u0131 (dual boot) ger\u00e7ekten \u00e7ok pratik - iki i\u015fletim sisteminin avantajlar\u0131ndan da...","created_at":"2025-07-25 21:53:12","updated_at":"2026-09-23 11:01:37","category_id":14,"view_count":799,"reading_time":3,"status":"published","editor_choice":0,"is_editor_choice":0,"published_at":"2025-07-25 21:53:12","featured_image":"resimyok.jpg","slug":"isletim-sistemi-secim-anahtari","category_name":"Film\/Kitap\/Hobi","category_slug":"film-kitap-hobi","category_color":"#ec4899"},{"id":51,"title":"Linux Sunucu G\u00fcvenlik \u0130hlali Sonras\u0131 Yeniden Kurulum","content":"Kimse sunucusunun hacklenmesini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek istemez. Ancak \u015f\u00fcpheli trafik, de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f dosyalar veya bilinmeyen kullan\u0131c\u0131lar g\u00f6r\u00fcrseniz, tahmin y\u00fcr\u00fctmektense sistemi yeniden kurmak daha g\u00fcvenlidir. Bu rehberde, bir g\u00fcvenlik ihlali \u015f\u00fcphesi durumunda Linux sunucunuzu nas\u0131l g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde yeniden kuraca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131, sald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n nedenini nas\u0131l ara\u015ft\u0131raca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ve yeni sistemi bir sava\u015f alan\u0131na girmi\u015f\u00e7esine nas\u0131l sertle\u015ftirece\u011finizi anlataca\u011f\u0131m. <h2>\ud83d\udea8 \u0130lk Fark Etme: Sunucunuz Ger\u00e7ekten Compromise Edildi mi?<\/h2> <h3>\u015e\u00fcpheli Belirtiler<\/h3> Bir Linux sunucunun g\u00fcvenli\u011finin ihlal edildi\u011fini g\u00f6steren ana belirtiler \u015funlard\u0131r: <strong>Performans Anomalileri:<\/strong> <ul> <li>A\u00e7\u0131klanamayan y\u00fcksek CPU veya memory kullan\u0131m\u0131<\/li> <li>Bilinmeyen s\u00fcre\u00e7lerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131<\/li> <li>Anormal network trafi\u011fi<\/li> <\/ul> <strong>Sistem De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri:<\/strong> <ul> <li>Yetkilendirilmemi\u015f kullan\u0131c\u0131 hesaplar\u0131<\/li> <li>De\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f sistem dosyalar\u0131<\/li> <li>Web sayfalar\u0131n\u0131n \"Hacked\" mesajlar\u0131yla de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi<\/li> <li>Beklenmeyen cronjob'lar veya startup script'leri<\/li> <\/ul> <strong>G\u00fcvenlik \u0130hlali \u0130\u015faretleri:<\/strong> <ul> <li>Loglar\u0131n silinmesi veya manip\u00fcle edilmesi<\/li> <li>Bilinen malware imzalar\u0131<\/li> <li>\u015e\u00fcpheli SSH ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131<\/li> <li>Rootkit belirtileri<\/li> <\/ul> <h3>H\u0131zl\u0131 De\u011ferlendirme Komutlar\u0131<\/h3> <pre><code ># \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan s\u00fcre\u00e7leri kontrol et ps aux | head -20 ps -elf | grep -v \"^\\ &gt; \/tmp\/suspicious_process_files.txt # Memory bilgileri cat \/proc\/meminfo &gt; \/tmp\/meminfo.txt cat \/proc\/version &gt; \/tmp\/kernel_version.txt <\/code><\/pre> <h3>Log Analizi<\/h3> <pre><code ># Son sistem loglar\u0131n\u0131 incele tail -n 1000 \/var\/log\/syslog &gt; \/tmp\/recent_syslog.txt tail -n 1000 \/var\/log\/auth.log &gt; \/tmp\/recent_auth.txt tail -n 1000 \/var\/log\/apache2\/access.log &gt; \/tmp\/recent_web_access.txt # \u015e\u00fcpheli giri\u015fleri ara grep \"Failed password\" \/var\/log\/auth.log | tail -50 grep \"Accepted password\" \/var\/log\/auth.log | tail -20 grep \"sudo:\" \/var\/log\/auth.log | tail -20 # Son de\u011fi\u015ftirilen dosyalar\u0131 bul find \/ -type f -mtime -1 -ls 2&gt;\/dev\/null | head -100 <\/code><\/pre> <h3>Rootkit Taramas\u0131<\/h3> <pre><code ># Chkrootkit ile tarama sudo chkrootkit &gt; \/tmp\/chkrootkit_results.txt # Rkhunter ile tarama sudo rkhunter -c --sk &gt; \/tmp\/rkhunter_results.txt # AIDE ile dosya b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kontrol\u00fc sudo aide --check &gt; \/tmp\/aide_results.txt <\/code><\/pre> <h2>\ud83d\udd25 Nuclear Option: Tamamen Yeniden Kurulum<\/h2> <h3>1. Yedek Alma (Temiz Veriler \u0130\u00e7in)<\/h3> <pre><code ># Sadece gerekli kullan\u0131c\u0131 verilerini yedekle mkdir \/tmp\/backup_user_data cp -r \/home\/username\/important_data \/tmp\/backup_user_data\/ cp -r \/var\/www\/html\/uploaded_files \/tmp\/backup_user_data\/ # Konfig\u00fcrasyon dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik kontrol\u00fc ile yedekle cp \/etc\/apache2\/sites-available\/* \/tmp\/backup_configs\/ cp \/etc\/mysql\/mysql.conf.d\/* \/tmp\/backup_configs\/ <\/code><\/pre> <strong>\u26a0\ufe0f UYARI:<\/strong> Sadece temiz oldu\u011fundan emin oldu\u011funuz dosyalar\u0131 yedekleyin! <h3>2. Forensik \u0130maj Alma<\/h3> <pre><code ># Diskin forensik kopyas\u0131n\u0131 al sudo dd if=\/dev\/sda of=\/external\/disk_image.img bs=4M status=progress sudo sha256sum \/external\/disk_image.img &gt; \/external\/disk_image.sha256 <\/code><\/pre> <h3>3. Tamamen Yeni Kurulum<\/h3> Sistemi yeniden in\u015fa etmek, sisteminiz \u00fczerinde kontrole sahip oldu\u011funuzdan emin olman\u0131n tek yoludur <strong>Fiziksel Sunucu \u0130\u00e7in:<\/strong> <pre><code ># UEFI firmware'i g\u00fcncelle # BIOS ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131f\u0131rla # Temiz i\u015fletim sistemi kur <\/code><\/pre> <strong>Sanal Makine \u0130\u00e7in:<\/strong> <pre><code ># Eski diski ay\u0131r # Yeni disk ekle # \u0130\u015fletim sistemini s\u0131f\u0131rdan kur <\/code><\/pre> <h2>\ud83d\udee1\ufe0f Yeni Sistem Sertle\u015ftirme<\/h2> <h3>Temel G\u00fcvenlik Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131<\/h3> <pre><code ># Sistemi g\u00fcncelle sudo apt update &amp;&amp; sudo apt upgrade -y # Gereksiz servisleri kapat sudo systemctl disable telnet sudo systemctl disable ftp sudo systemctl disable rsh # Firewall konfig\u00fcrasyonu sudo ufw enable sudo ufw default deny incoming sudo ufw default allow outgoing sudo ufw allow ssh sudo ufw allow http sudo ufw allow https <\/code><\/pre> <h3>SSH Sertle\u015ftirme<\/h3> <pre><code ># SSH konfig\u00fcrasyonunu d\u00fczenle sudo nano \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config # Yap\u0131lacak de\u011fi\u015fiklikler: # PermitRootLogin no # PasswordAuthentication no # PubkeyAuthentication yes # Port 2222 (default port de\u011fi\u015ftir) # MaxAuthTries 3 # LoginGraceTime 30 # AllowUsers your_username sudo systemctl restart ssh <\/code><\/pre> <h3>Otomatik G\u00fcvenlik Ara\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h3> <pre><code ># Fail2Ban kurulumu sudo apt install fail2ban -y # Fail2Ban konfig\u00fcrasyonu sudo cp \/etc\/fail2ban\/jail.conf \/etc\/fail2ban\/jail.local sudo nano \/etc\/fail2ban\/jail.local # ClamAV antivirus kurulumu sudo apt install clamav clamav-daemon -y sudo freshclam sudo systemctl enable clamav-freshclam # AIDE dosya b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck izleme sudo apt install aide -y sudo aide --init sudo mv \/var\/lib\/aide\/aide.db.new \/var\/lib\/aide\/aide.db <\/code><\/pre> <h3>Log \u0130zleme ve SIEM<\/h3> <pre><code ># Rsyslog konfig\u00fcrasyonu sudo nano \/etc\/rsyslog.conf # Loglar\u0131 merkezi sunucuya g\u00f6nder # Auditd kurulumu sudo apt install auditd -y sudo systemctl enable auditd # \u00d6nemli dosyalar\u0131 izleme alt\u0131na al sudo auditctl -w \/etc\/passwd -p wa -k passwd_changes sudo auditctl -w \/etc\/shadow -p wa -k shadow_changes sudo auditctl -w \/etc\/sudoers -p wa -k sudoers_changes <\/code><\/pre> <h2>\ud83d\udd0d Vulnerability Patching<\/h2> <h3>Sistem G\u00fcncellemeleri<\/h3> <pre><code ># Unattended upgrades kurulumu sudo apt install unattended-upgrades -y sudo dpkg-reconfigure -plow unattended-upgrades # Manual g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fcncellemeleri sudo apt list --upgradable sudo apt upgrade -y <\/code><\/pre> <h3>Uygulama G\u00fcvenli\u011fi<\/h3> <pre><code ># Web server sertle\u015ftirme (Apache) sudo nano \/etc\/apache2\/conf-available\/security.conf # ServerTokens Prod # ServerSignature Off # PHP sertle\u015ftirme sudo nano \/etc\/php\/7.4\/apache2\/php.ini # expose_php = Off # allow_url_fopen = Off # allow_url_include = Off # MySQL sertle\u015ftirme sudo mysql_secure_installation <\/code><\/pre> <h2>\ud83d\udcca \u0130zleme ve Alerting<\/h2> <h3>Sistem \u0130zleme<\/h3> <pre><code ># Netdata kurulumu (ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 izleme) bash &lt;(curl -Ss https:\/\/my-netdata.io\/kickstart.sh) # OSSEC HIDS kurulumu wget -q -O - https:\/\/updates.atomicorp.com\/installers\/atomic | sudo bash sudo yum install ossec-hids ossec-hids-server <\/code><\/pre> <h3>Log Analizi<\/h3> <pre><code ># Logwatch kurulumu sudo apt install logwatch -y # Fail2Ban notification konfig\u00fcrasyonu sudo nano \/etc\/fail2ban\/jail.local # action = %(action_mwl)s # mta = sendmail <\/code><\/pre> <h2>\ud83d\ude80 Recovery ve Restore<\/h2> <h3>Veri Geri Y\u00fckleme<\/h3> <pre><code ># Temiz verileri geri y\u00fckle sudo rsync -av \/backup\/clean_data\/ \/var\/www\/html\/ sudo chown -R www-data:www-data \/var\/www\/html\/ # Veritaban\u0131n\u0131 geri y\u00fckle mysql -u root -p database_name &lt; \/backup\/clean_database.sql <\/code><\/pre> <h3>Servis Restorasyonu<\/h3> <pre><code ># Web servisi ba\u015flat sudo systemctl enable apache2 sudo systemctl start apache2 # Veritaban\u0131 servisi sudo systemctl enable mysql sudo systemctl start mysql # SSL sertifikalar\u0131n\u0131 yenile sudo certbot renew --force-renewal <\/code><\/pre> <h2>\ud83d\udcdd Incident Response Dok\u00fcmantasyonu<\/h2> <h3>Olay Raporu \u015eablonu<\/h3> <pre><code ># G\u00fcvenlik Olay\u0131 Raporu ## Olay \u00d6zeti - Tarih\/Saat: - Etkilenen Sistem: - Sald\u0131r\u0131 T\u00fcr\u00fc: - Etki D\u00fczeyi: ## Ke\u015fif - \u0130lk fark eden: - Ke\u015fif y\u00f6ntemi: - \u0130lk g\u00f6zlemler: ## Analiz - Sald\u0131r\u0131 vekt\u00f6r\u00fc: - Kullan\u0131lan ara\u00e7lar: - Zarar verilen dosyalar: - \u00c7al\u0131nan veriler: ## M\u00fcdahale - Al\u0131nan \u00f6nlemler: - Kullan\u0131lan ara\u00e7lar: - Temizlik ad\u0131mlar\u0131: ## Kurtarma - Restore i\u015flemleri: - Servis durumu: - Performans testi: ## Lessons Learned - Sald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n nedeni: - Al\u0131nacak \u00f6nlemler: - Policy de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri: <\/code><\/pre> <h2>\ud83c\udfaf \u00d6nleyici Tedbirler<\/h2> <h3>D\u00fczenli G\u00fcvenlik De\u011ferlendirmesi<\/h3> <pre><code ># Haftal\u0131k g\u00fcvenlik taramas\u0131 scripti #!\/bin\/bash # security_scan.sh echo \"=== G\u00fcvenlik Taramas\u0131 Ba\u015fl\u0131yor ===\" date # Port taramas\u0131 nmap -sS localhost # Rootkit kontrol\u00fc rkhunter -c --sk # Log analizi grep \"Failed password\" \/var\/log\/auth.log | tail -10 # Disk kullan\u0131m\u0131 df -h # \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan servisler systemctl list-units --type=service --state=running echo \"=== Tarama Tamamland\u0131 ===\" <\/code><\/pre> <h3>Yedekleme Stratejisi<\/h3> <pre><code >#!\/bin\/bash # backup_script.sh BACKUP_DIR=\"\/backup\/$(date +%Y%m%d)\" mkdir -p $BACKUP_DIR # Sistem konfig\u00fcrasyonlar\u0131 tar -czf $BACKUP_DIR\/etc_backup.tar.gz \/etc\/ # Kullan\u0131c\u0131 verileri tar -czf $BACKUP_DIR\/home_backup.tar.gz \/home\/ # Veritaban\u0131 yedekleme mysqldump --all-databases &gt; $BACKUP_DIR\/all_databases.sql # Web dosyalar\u0131 tar -czf $BACKUP_DIR\/web_backup.tar.gz \/var\/www\/ # Yedekleri uzak sunucuya g\u00f6nder rsync -av $BACKUP_DIR\/ backup_server:\/backups\/ <\/code><\/pre> <h2>\ud83d\udd27 Otomasyonla \u0130yile\u015ftirme<\/h2> <h3>Ansible Playbook ile Otomatik Sertle\u015ftirme<\/h3> <pre><code ># security_hardening.yml --- - hosts: all become: yes tasks: - name: Update system packages apt: update_cache: yes upgrade: dist - name: Install security tools apt: name: - fail2ban - rkhunter - aide - clamav state: present - name: Configure SSH lineinfile: path: \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config regexp: \"{{ item.regexp }}\" line: \"{{ item.line }}\" with_items: - { regexp: '^PermitRootLogin', line: 'PermitRootLogin no' } - { regexp: '^PasswordAuthentication', line: 'PasswordAuthentication no' } notify: restart ssh - name: Configure firewall ufw: rule: \"{{ item.rule }}\" port: \"{{ item.port }}\" proto: \"{{ item.proto }}\" with_items: - { rule: 'allow', port: '22', proto: 'tcp' } - { rule: 'allow', port: '80', proto: 'tcp' } - { rule: 'allow', port: '443', proto: 'tcp' } handlers: - name: restart ssh service: name: ssh state: restarted <\/code><\/pre> <h2>\ud83c\udf93 Sonu\u00e7 ve Tavsiyeler<\/h2> <h3>Ana \u00c7\u0131kar\u0131mlar<\/h3> <ol> <li><strong>H\u0131zl\u0131 M\u00fcdahale Kritiktir<\/strong>: Bir hacker sisteme girdi\u011finde, sistemde ne yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir fikriniz olmaz - yeni SSH portlar\u0131, yeni hesaplar, yeni payla\u015f\u0131mlar, Apache kurallar\u0131nda ince de\u011fi\u015fiklikler ekleyebilir<\/li> <li><strong>Tam Yeniden Kurulum En G\u00fcvenli Se\u00e7enektir<\/strong>: Sistemin tamamen temizlenmesi ve yeniden kurulmas\u0131, kontrol\u00fcn size ait oldu\u011fundan emin olman\u0131n tek yoludur.<\/li> <li><strong>Prevention &gt; Reaction<\/strong>: D\u00fczenli g\u00fcncellemeler, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kimlik do\u011frulama ve monitoring ile sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 \u00f6nlemek, m\u00fcdahale etmekten \u00e7ok daha etkilidir.<\/li> <li><strong>Dok\u00fcmantasyon Vazge\u00e7ilmezdir<\/strong>: Her ad\u0131m\u0131 belgeleyin, gelecekteki olaylardan ders \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131n.<\/li> <\/ol> <h3>Son Kontrol Listesi<\/h3> <ul> <li> A\u011f trafi\u011fi izleme aktif<\/li> <li> Otomatik yedekleme \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor<\/li> <li> G\u00fcvenlik g\u00fcncellemeleri otomatik<\/li> <li> IDS\/IPS sistemleri aktif<\/li> <li> Log analizi yap\u0131l\u0131yor<\/li> <li>\u00a0plan\u0131 g\u00fcncel<\/li> <li> Tak\u0131m e\u011fitimi tamamland\u0131<\/li> <li> Forensik ara\u00e7lar haz\u0131r<\/li> <\/ul> <strong>Unutmay\u0131n:<\/strong> G\u00fcvenlik ihlali sadece teknik bir sorun de\u011fildir, t\u00fcm \u015firketi etkileyebilir ve ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z aksiyonlar maliyetli olabilir. Bu y\u00fczden do\u011fru planlanm\u0131\u015f, sistematik bir yakla\u015f\u0131m benimseyin ve asla tek ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131za hareket etmeyin. Linux sunucu g\u00fcvenli\u011fi s\u00fcrekli bir s\u00fcre\u00e7tir. Bu rehberi temel alarak kendi incident response plan\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 geli\u015ftirin ve d\u00fczenli olarak test edin. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc sald\u0131r\u0131 \"e\u011fer\" de\u011fil \"ne zaman\" sorusudur.","excerpt":"Kimse sunucusunun hacklenmesini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek istemez. Ancak \u015f\u00fcpheli trafik, de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f dosyalar veya bilinmeyen kullan\u0131c\u0131lar g\u00f6r\u00fcrseniz,...","created_at":"2025-06-12 13:19:22","updated_at":"2026-09-08 02:17:13","category_id":7,"view_count":734,"reading_time":8,"status":"published","editor_choice":0,"is_editor_choice":0,"published_at":"2025-06-12 13:19:22","featured_image":"resimyok.jpg","slug":"linux-sunucu-guvenlik-ihlali-sonrasi-yeniden-kurulum","category_name":"Cyber Security","category_slug":"cyber-security","category_color":"#10b981"},{"id":67,"title":"Linux IP Komutlar\u0131: A\u011f Y\u00f6netiminde Temel Ara\u00e7lar","content":"<ul> <li>Linux i\u015fletim sisteminde a\u011f yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131 ve y\u00f6netimi i\u00e7in \"ip\" komutu olduk\u00e7a g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r. Bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda, sistem y\u00f6neticileri ve merakl\u0131lar i\u00e7in en s\u0131k kullan\u0131lan ip komutlar\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00f6rneklerini inceleyece\u011fiz.<\/li> <\/ul> &nbsp; ## IP Adresi Y\u00f6netimi (ip addr) &nbsp; A\u011f aray\u00fczlerinize ba\u011fl\u0131 IP adreslerini g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclemek, eklemek veya kald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \"ip addr\" komutlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanabilirsiniz: &nbsp; - T\u00fcm IP adreslerini g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme: `ip addr show` - Belirli bir aray\u00fcz i\u00e7in IP adreslerini g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme: `ip addr show dev eth0` - IP adresi ekleme: `ip addr add 1.1.1.1\/24 dev eth0` - IP adresi silme: `ip addr del 1.1.1.1\/24 dev eth0` - T\u00fcm IP adreslerini temizleme: `ip addr flush dev eth0` &nbsp; ## A\u011f Aray\u00fcz\u00fc Y\u00f6netimi (ip link) &nbsp; A\u011f aray\u00fczlerinizi yap\u0131land\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \"ip link\" komutlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanabilirsiniz: &nbsp; - T\u00fcm a\u011f aray\u00fczlerini g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme: `ip link show` - Belirli bir aray\u00fcz\u00fcn detaylar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme: `ip link show eth0` - Aray\u00fcz\u00fc devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakma: `ip link set eth0 updown` - MTU de\u011ferini de\u011fi\u015ftirme: `ip link set eth0 mtu 9000` - Promiscuous modu etkinle\u015ftirme: `ip link set eth0 promisc on` - MAC adresini de\u011fi\u015ftirme: `ip link set eth0 addr 11:22:33:44:55:66` &nbsp; ## Rota Y\u00f6netimi (ip route) &nbsp; A\u011f rotalar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclemek ve yap\u0131land\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \"ip route\" komutlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanabilirsiniz: &nbsp; - T\u00fcm rotalar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme: `ip route show` - Varsay\u0131lan rotay\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme: `ip route show default` - Belirli bir rota i\u00e7in e\u015fle\u015fme kontrol\u00fc: `ip route get 1.1.1.1` - Rota ekleme: `ip route add 1.1.1.0\/24 dev eth0` - Varsay\u0131lan a\u011f ge\u00e7idi ekleme: `ip route add default via 192.168.0.1 dev eth0` - Rota silme: `ip route del 1.1.1.0\/24 via 192.168.0.1 dev eth0` &nbsp; ## ARP Tablosu Y\u00f6netimi (ip neigh) &nbsp; ARP tablosunu g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclemek ve y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in \"ip neigh\" komutlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanabilirsiniz: &nbsp; - ARP tablosunu g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme: `ip neigh show` - Belirli bir aray\u00fcz i\u00e7in ARP girdilerini g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme: `ip neigh show dev eth0` - ARP girdisi silme: `ip neigh del 192.168.0.2 eth0` - Statik ARP girdisi ekleme: `ip neigh add 192.168.0.2 lladdr &lt;mac-addr&gt; dev eth0 nud permanent` - Mevcut ARP girdisini g\u00fcncelleme: `ip neigh change 192.168.0.2 lladdr &lt;mac-addr&gt; dev eth0` &nbsp; ## T\u00fcnel Y\u00f6netimi (ip tunnel) &nbsp; A\u011f t\u00fcnellerini yap\u0131land\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \"ip tunnel\" komutlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanabilirsiniz: &nbsp; - T\u00fcnel aray\u00fczlerini g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme: `ip tunnel show` - GRE t\u00fcneli olu\u015fturma: `ip tunnel add gre1 mode gre remote 10.0.0.2 local 10.0.0.1 ttl 255` &nbsp; Linux a\u011f y\u00f6netimi konusunda \"ip\" komutu, eski \"ifconfig\", \"route\" ve \"arp\" komutlar\u0131n\u0131n yerini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve \u00e7ok daha fazla \u00f6zellik sunar. IP komutlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmek, Linux sistemlerinizde a\u011f yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131 daha etkin bir \u015fekilde y\u00f6netmenize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. &nbsp; Ayr\u0131ca IPv6 adreslerine y\u00f6nelik komutlar\u0131 uygulamak i\u00e7in \"-6\" parametresini kullanabilece\u011finizi unutmay\u0131n.","excerpt":"Linux i\u015fletim sisteminde a\u011f yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131 ve y\u00f6netimi i\u00e7in \"ip\" komutu olduk\u00e7a g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r. Bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda, sistem y\u00f6neticileri...","created_at":"2025-05-05 23:00:00","updated_at":"2026-09-23 13:43:33","category_id":10,"view_count":715,"reading_time":3,"status":"published","editor_choice":0,"is_editor_choice":0,"published_at":"2025-05-05 23:00:00","featured_image":"resimyok.jpg","slug":"linux-ip-komutlari-ag-yonetiminde-temel-araclar","category_name":"nix Linux Unix","category_slug":"nix-linux-unix","category_color":"#2a1952"},{"id":76,"title":"G\u00fcnl\u00fck Kayd\u0131 \u0130\u00e7in G\u00fcvenli ve Etkin Y\u00f6ntem: logger Komutu","content":"Linux sistemlerde g\u00fcnl\u00fck dosyalar\u0131na mesaj yazmak, sistem izleme, hata ay\u0131klama ve g\u00fcvenlik denetimi i\u00e7in kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir. Ancak, bu i\u015flem genellikle s\u00fcper kullan\u0131c\u0131 (<code >root<\/code>) ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar\u0131 gerektirir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc <code >\/var\/log<\/code> dizini alt\u0131ndaki dosyalar genellikle k\u00f6k kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131na aittir. Bu yaz\u0131da, <strong><code >logger<\/code> komutunun <\/strong>, s\u00fcper kullan\u0131c\u0131 izni olmadan g\u00fcnl\u00fck dosyas\u0131na g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde mesaj yazman\u0131n en iyi yoludur, logger Komutu Nedir? logger, sistem g\u00fcnl\u00fck mekanizmas\u0131 (syslog) \u00fczerinden mesajlar\u0131 g\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011fe kaydetmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan komut sat\u0131r\u0131 arac\u0131d\u0131r. Temel i\u015flevi, kullan\u0131c\u0131 tan\u0131ml\u0131 mesajlar\u0131 sistem g\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne g\u00f6ndermektir. <pre  data-enlighter-language=\"generic\">logger \"Bu bir test mesaj\u0131d\u0131r.\"<\/pre> <p data-spm-anchor->Bu komut, mesaj\u0131 sistem g\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi kaydeder:<\/p> <div> <div  dir=\"ltr\"> <pre  data-enlighter-language=\"generic\">OCT 15 10:30:00 hostname user.notice: Bu bir test mesaj\u0131d\u0131r.<\/pre> <strong> Neden logger Tercih Edilmelidir?<\/strong> <strong>Sistem G\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131 Kullan\u0131r<\/strong> logger, do\u011frudan g\u00fcnl\u00fck dosyas\u0131na yazmak yerine syslog hizmetini (\u00f6rne\u011fin, rsyslog veya syslog-ng) kullan\u0131r. Bu, mesajlar\u0131n sistem y\u00f6neticisinin tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kurallara g\u00f6re y\u00f6nlendirilmesini sa\u011flar (\u00f6rne\u011fin, \/etc\/rsyslog.conf). <strong>S\u00fcper Kullan\u0131c\u0131 Ayr\u0131cal\u0131\u011f\u0131 Gerekmez<\/strong> logger, sistem g\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne mesaj g\u00f6ndermek i\u00e7in UNIX soketi (\/dev\/log) \u00fczerinden ileti\u015fim kurar. Bu soket, varsay\u0131lan olarak t\u00fcm kullan\u0131c\u0131lar i\u00e7in yaz\u0131labilirdir. Bu nedenle, sudo olmadan mesaj yaz\u0131labilir. <\/div> <h4><strong data-spm-anchor->Otomatik Zaman Damgas\u0131 ve Seviye Etiketi<\/strong><\/h4> logger, mesajlara otomatik olarak zaman damgas\u0131 ve seviye etiketi (\u00f6rne\u011fin, user.notice) ekler. Bu, manuel zaman damgas\u0131 ekleme ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131r ve g\u00fcnl\u00fcklerin tutarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. <\/div> <strong>G\u00fcnl\u00fck Rotasyonu ve Y\u00f6netimi<\/strong> logger ile yaz\u0131lan mesajlar, sistem g\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc altyap\u0131s\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilir. Bu, g\u00fcnl\u00fck dosyalar\u0131n\u0131n logrotate gibi ara\u00e7larla otomatik olarak s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, ar\u015fivlenmesi ve silinmesini sa\u011flar. <strong> G\u00fcvenli ve Kontroll\u00fc Eri\u015fim<\/strong> logger, g\u00fcnl\u00fck dosyas\u0131na do\u011frudan eri\u015fim gerektirmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in dosya izinleriyle ilgili sorunlar\u0131 \u00f6nler . Sistem y\u00f6neticisi, syslog yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131yla hangi kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n hangi mesajlar\u0131 g\u00f6nderebilece\u011fini kontrol edebilir. <h3><strong data-spm-anchor->Alternatif Y\u00f6ntemler ve S\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131<\/strong><\/h3> <div > <div > <table > <thead > <tr > <th  scope=\"col\"> <div ><strong>Komut<\/strong><\/div><\/th> <th  scope=\"col\"> <div ><strong>Kullan\u0131m \u00d6rne\u011fi<\/strong><\/div><\/th> <th  scope=\"col\"> <div ><strong>Sorunlar<\/strong><\/div><\/th> <\/tr> <\/thead> <tbody> <tr > <td > <div ><strong><code >echo<\/code><\/strong><\/div><\/td> <td > <div ><code >echo \"$(date) Test mesaj\u0131\" &gt;&gt; \/var\/log\/custom.log<\/code><\/div><\/td> <td > <div ><code >\/var\/log\/custom.log<\/code>dosyas\u0131na yazma izni gereklidir (genellikle<code >root<\/code>).<\/div><\/td> <\/tr> <tr > <td > <div ><strong><code >cat<\/code><\/strong><\/div><\/td> <td > <div ><code >cat message.txt &gt; \/var\/log\/custom.log<\/code><\/div><\/td> <td > <div >Dosya izinleri ve<code >sudo<\/code>gereksinimi.<\/div><\/td> <\/tr> <tr > <td > <div ><strong><code >touch<\/code><\/strong><\/div><\/td> <td > <div ><code >touch \/var\/log\/custom.log<\/code><\/div><\/td> <td > <div  data-spm-anchor->Yaln\u0131zca dosya olu\u015fturur, i\u00e7erik yazmaz.<\/div><\/td> <\/tr> <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div> Bu komutlar, do\u011frudan dosya sistemine yazma i\u015flemi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenlik riskleri ta\u015f\u0131r ve y\u00f6netim zorlu\u011fu yarat\u0131r. <strong>logger Komutunun Geli\u015fmi\u015f Kullan\u0131m\u0131<\/strong> \u00d6zel Kolayl\u0131k (Facility) ve Seviye (Priority) Tan\u0131mlama <pre  data-enlighter-language=\"generic\">logger -p local7.info \"\u00d6zel kolayl\u0131k mesaj\u0131\"<\/pre> -p se\u00e7ene\u011fi, kolayl\u0131k (\u00f6rne\u011fin, local0\u2013local7) ve seviye (\u00f6rne\u011fin, info, debug) tan\u0131mlar. Bu, mesajlar\u0131n \u00f6zel g\u00fcnl\u00fck dosyalar\u0131na y\u00f6nlendirilmesini sa\u011flar. <strong>PID (Process ID) Ekleme<\/strong> <pre  data-enlighter-language=\"generic\">logger -i \"Bu mesaj PID ile kaydedilecek.\"<\/pre> -i se\u00e7ene\u011fi, mesaj\u0131n sonuna i\u015flem kimli\u011fini ekler. <strong>Syslog A\u011f Sunucusuna G\u00f6nderme<\/strong> rsyslog veya syslog-ng yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131yla, mesajlar uzak bir g\u00fcnl\u00fck sunucusuna y\u00f6nlendirilebilir. Bu, merkezi g\u00fcnl\u00fck y\u00f6netimi i\u00e7in idealdir. <h3><strong>Troubleshooting \/ Sorun giderme:<\/strong><\/h3> <div > <div ><\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <table > <thead > <tr > <th  scope=\"col\"> <div ><strong>Soru<\/strong><\/div><\/th> <th  scope=\"col\"> <div ><strong>\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm<\/strong><\/div><\/th> <\/tr> <\/thead> <tbody> <tr > <td > <div ><strong><code >logger<\/code>\u00a0Mesajlar\u0131 Nerede G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor?<\/strong><\/div><\/td> <td > <div ><code >\/var\/log\/syslog<\/code>veya<code >\/var\/log\/messages<\/code>dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 inceleyin.<\/div><\/td> <\/tr> <tr > <td > <div ><strong>Mesajlar Beklenildi\u011fi Gibi Y\u00f6nlendirilmiyor Mu?<\/strong><\/div><\/td> <td > <div ><code >\/etc\/rsyslog.conf<\/code>veya<code >\/etc\/syslog-ng\/syslog-ng.conf<\/code>yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irin.<\/div><\/td> <\/tr> <tr > <td > <div ><strong><code >logger: socket failed: Operation not permitted<\/code>\u00a0Hatas\u0131 Al\u0131n\u0131yor Mu?<\/strong><\/div><\/td> <td > <div ><code >rsyslog<\/code>veya<code >syslog<\/code>hizmetinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin (<code >systemctl status rsyslog<\/code>)<\/div><\/td> <\/tr> <\/tbody> <\/table> &nbsp; logger komutu, s\u00fcper kullan\u0131c\u0131 ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar\u0131 olmadan g\u00fcnl\u00fck dosyas\u0131na mesaj yazman\u0131n en g\u00fcvenli ve etkili yoludur. Sistem g\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc mekanizmas\u0131 \u00fczerinden \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in dosya izinleriyle ilgili sorunlardan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131r ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck y\u00f6netimi i\u00e7in geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00f6zellikler sunar. Alternatif komutlar hem g\u00fcvenlik riskleri ta\u015f\u0131r hem de sistem g\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc altyap\u0131s\u0131yla uyumlu de\u011fildir. Bu nedenle, g\u00fcnl\u00fck kayd\u0131 gerektiren i\u015flemlerde logger komutu tercih edilmelidir. G\u00fcnl\u00fck mesajlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 test etmek i\u00e7in tail -f \/var\/log\/syslog komutunu kullanarak ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 olarak izleyebilirsiniz.","excerpt":"Linux sistemlerde g\u00fcnl\u00fck dosyalar\u0131na mesaj yazmak, sistem izleme, hata ay\u0131klama ve g\u00fcvenlik denetimi i\u00e7in kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir. Ancak, bu...","created_at":"2025-05-01 14:23:02","updated_at":"2026-09-08 00:56:12","category_id":10,"view_count":779,"reading_time":4,"status":"published","editor_choice":0,"is_editor_choice":0,"published_at":"2025-05-01 14:23:02","featured_image":"resimyok.jpg","slug":"gunluk-kaydi-icin-guvenli-ve-etkin-yontem-logger-komutu","category_name":"nix Linux Unix","category_slug":"nix-linux-unix","category_color":"#2a1952"},{"id":112,"title":"EtherApe ile A\u011f Trafi\u011fini G\u00f6rselle\u015ftirin","content":"G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz dijital d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda, a\u011f y\u00f6neticileri ve siber g\u00fcvenlik uzmanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in a\u011f trafi\u011fini etkili bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirmek kritik bir ihtiya\u00e7 haline geldi. Karma\u015f\u0131k a\u011f yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 anlamak, anormal aktiviteleri tespit etmek ve veri ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 izlemek i\u00e7in geleneksel komut sat\u0131r\u0131 ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesinde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlere ihtiya\u00e7 duyuyoruz. \u0130\u015fte tam bu noktada EtherApe gibi g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirme ara\u00e7lar\u0131 devreye giriyor. <h2>EtherApe Nedir?<\/h2> EtherApe, Linux ve Unix tabanl\u0131 sistemlerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, a\u00e7\u0131k kaynakl\u0131 bir a\u011f trafi\u011fi g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirme arac\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma prensibi olduk\u00e7a basit ancak etkilidir: a\u011f \u00fczerindeki cihazlar\u0131 d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmler (nodes) olarak, aralar\u0131ndaki trafi\u011fi ise bu d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmleri birbirine ba\u011flayan \u00e7izgiler (edges) olarak g\u00f6sterir. Bu g\u00f6rsel yakla\u015f\u0131m, en karma\u015f\u0131k a\u011f trafi\u011fini bile anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r hale getirir. <h2>Neden EtherApe Kullanmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z?<\/h2> EtherApe'in sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 avantajlar \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131ralanabilir: <strong>Sezgisel G\u00f6rselle\u015ftirme:<\/strong> Renk kodlamal\u0131 aray\u00fcz\u00fc sayesinde farkl\u0131 protokoller ve trafik yo\u011funluklar\u0131n\u0131 bir bak\u0131\u015fta anlayabilirsiniz. <strong>Ger\u00e7ek Zamanl\u0131 \u0130zleme:<\/strong> A\u011f\u0131n\u0131zdaki trafik de\u011fi\u015fikliklerini anl\u0131k olarak g\u00f6rerek, beklenmeyen aktivitelere h\u0131zl\u0131ca m\u00fcdahale edebilirsiniz. <strong>Esnek Filtreleme Se\u00e7enekleri:<\/strong> IP adresi, port veya protokol baz\u0131nda filtreleme yaparak, belirli trafik t\u00fcrlerine odaklanabilirsiniz. <strong>Hafif ve Etkili:<\/strong> Minimal sistem kayna\u011f\u0131 kullan\u0131m\u0131yla bile g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc analiz imkan\u0131 sunar. <h2>EtherApe'in Pratik Kullan\u0131m Alanlar\u0131<\/h2> <ul> <li><strong>A\u011f Haritaland\u0131rma:<\/strong> Yeni kurulan veya de\u011fi\u015fiklik yap\u0131lan a\u011flar\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rsel olarak belgelendirebilirsiniz.<\/li> <li><strong>G\u00fcvenlik \u0130zleme:<\/strong> \u015e\u00fcpheli ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 ve anormal trafik modellerini h\u0131zla tespit edebilirsiniz.<\/li> <li><strong>E\u011fitim Ama\u00e7l\u0131:<\/strong> A\u011f kavramlar\u0131n\u0131 ve protokollerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u015feklini g\u00f6rsel olarak anlatmak i\u00e7in m\u00fckemmel bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r.<\/li> <li><strong>Performans Analizi:<\/strong> A\u011f darbo\u011fazlar\u0131n\u0131 ve yo\u011fun trafik noktalar\u0131n\u0131 belirleyerek, performans iyile\u015ftirmeleri yapabilirsiniz.<\/li> <\/ul> <h2>EtherApe'i Di\u011fer Ara\u00e7lardan Ay\u0131ran \u00d6zellikler<\/h2> Wireshark gibi detayl\u0131 paket analiz ara\u00e7lar\u0131 daha kapsaml\u0131 bilgi sa\u011flasa da, EtherApe'in sundu\u011fu g\u00f6rsel yakla\u015f\u0131m \u00e7ok daha h\u0131zl\u0131 bir genel bak\u0131\u015f sunar. Ticari a\u011f izleme ara\u00e7lar\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise, a\u00e7\u0131k kaynakl\u0131 olmas\u0131 ve ek lisans maliyeti gerektirmemesi b\u00fcy\u00fck bir avantajd\u0131r. A\u011f trafi\u011fini g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirmek, modern BT y\u00f6netiminin vazge\u00e7ilmez bir par\u00e7as\u0131 haline geldi. EtherApe gibi ara\u00e7lar, karma\u015f\u0131k a\u011f trafi\u011fini anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r hale getirerek, sorunlar\u0131 daha h\u0131zl\u0131 tespit etmenizi ve \u00e7\u00f6zmenizi sa\u011flar. E\u011fer a\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda neler olup bitti\u011fini daha iyi anlamak istiyorsan\u0131z, EtherApe kesinlikle denemeye de\u011fer bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmd\u00fcr. <h2>Kurulum Ad\u0131mlar\u0131<\/h2> <h3>Linux Sistemlerde Kurulum<\/h3> <strong>Debian\/Ubuntu tabanl\u0131 sistemlerde:<\/strong> <pre><code>sudo apt update sudo apt install etherape <\/code><\/pre> <strong>Fedora\/RHEL tabanl\u0131 sistemlerde:<\/strong> <pre><code>sudo dnf install etherape <\/code><\/pre> <strong>Arch Linux tabanl\u0131 sistemlerde:<\/strong> <pre><code>sudo pacman -S etherape <\/code><\/pre> <h3>Kaynak Koddan Derleme<\/h3> Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131zda haz\u0131r paket bulunmuyorsa: <ol> <li>Gerekli ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 y\u00fckleyin:<\/li> <\/ol> <pre><code>sudo apt install build-essential libpcap-dev libglib2.0-dev libgtk-3-dev libgnome-2-0 <\/code><\/pre> <ol start=\"2\"> <li>Kaynak kodu indirin:<\/li> <\/ol> <pre><code>git clone https:\/\/github.com\/IFGHou\/EtherApe.git cd EtherApe <\/code><\/pre> <ol start=\"3\"> <li>Derleyin ve kurun:<\/li> <\/ol> <pre><code>.\/autogen.sh .\/configure make sudo make install <\/code><\/pre> <h2>EtherApe Kullan\u0131m\u0131<\/h2> <h3>Temel Kullan\u0131m<\/h3> <ol> <li><strong>Program\u0131 Ba\u015flatma:<\/strong> <ul> <li>Terminal \u00fczerinden <code>sudo etherape<\/code> komutu ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n (root yetkileri gerekir)<\/li> <li>Ya da uygulama men\u00fcs\u00fcnden EtherApe'i bulup \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n<\/li> <\/ul> <\/li> <li><strong>A\u011f Aray\u00fcz\u00fc Se\u00e7imi:<\/strong> <ul> <li>Program ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda size kullan\u0131labilir a\u011f aray\u00fczlerini g\u00f6sterecektir<\/li> <li>Analiz etmek istedi\u011finiz aray\u00fcz\u00fc se\u00e7in (\u00f6rn. eth0, wlan0)<\/li> <\/ul> <\/li> <li><strong>G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme Modu Se\u00e7imi:<\/strong> <ul> <li>IP modu: IP adresleri aras\u0131ndaki trafi\u011fi g\u00f6sterir<\/li> <li>TCP\/UDP modu: Port numaralar\u0131na g\u00f6re trafi\u011fi g\u00f6sterir<\/li> <li>Ethernet modu: MAC adresleri baz\u0131nda trafi\u011fi g\u00f6sterir<\/li> <\/ul> <\/li> <\/ol> <h3>Aray\u00fcz \u00d6zellikleri<\/h3> <ul> <li><strong>Ana G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc Penceresi:<\/strong> A\u011f trafi\u011finin grafiksel olarak g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi aland\u0131r<\/li> <li><strong>Renk Paneli:<\/strong> Farkl\u0131 protokollerin hangi renkle temsil edildi\u011fini g\u00f6sterir<\/li> <li><strong>Durum \u00c7ubu\u011fu:<\/strong> Yakalanan paket say\u0131s\u0131, s\u00fcre gibi bilgileri g\u00f6sterir<\/li> <\/ul> <h3>\u0130leri D\u00fczey Kullan\u0131m<\/h3> <ol> <li><strong>Trafi\u011fi Filtreleme:<\/strong> <ul> <li>\"Capture &gt; Capture Filter\" men\u00fcs\u00fcnden BPF (Berkeley Packet Filter) s\u00f6zdizimi kullanarak filtreleme yapabilirsiniz<\/li> <li>\u00d6rnek: <code>host 192.168.1.1<\/code> sadece bu IP ile ilgili trafi\u011fi g\u00f6sterir<\/li> <\/ul> <\/li> <li><strong>G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm Ayarlar\u0131:<\/strong> <ul> <li>\"View\" men\u00fcs\u00fcnden d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm boyutlar\u0131, \u00e7izgi kal\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131 ve renk ayarlar\u0131 yap\u0131labilir<\/li> <li>\"View &gt; Protocols\" ile hangi protokollerin g\u00f6sterilece\u011fini se\u00e7ebilirsiniz<\/li> <\/ul> <\/li> <li><strong>Trafik Kayd\u0131:<\/strong> <ul> <li>\"Capture &gt; Start Capture\" ile trafi\u011fi yakalamaya ba\u015flayabilirsiniz<\/li> <li>\"File &gt; Save As\" ile yakalanan trafi\u011fi PCAP format\u0131nda kaydedebilirsiniz<\/li> <\/ul> <\/li> <li><strong>\u0130statistikler:<\/strong> <ul> <li>\"Statistics\" men\u00fcs\u00fcnden protokol da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131, en aktif d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmler gibi istatistiklere eri\u015febilirsiniz<\/li> <\/ul> <\/li> <\/ol> <h2>Pratik \u0130pu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h2> <ul> <li><strong>Performans \u0130yile\u015ftirme:<\/strong> B\u00fcy\u00fck a\u011flarda performans sorunlar\u0131 ya\u015farsan\u0131z \"Edit &gt; Preferences\" men\u00fcs\u00fcnden g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 azaltabilirsiniz<\/li> <li><strong>Belirli Servisleri \u0130zleme:<\/strong> HTTP trafi\u011fini izlemek i\u00e7in \"tcp port 80\" filtresi kullanabilirsiniz<\/li> <li><strong>Grafi\u011fi Dondurma:<\/strong> \"Capture &gt; Freeze Display\" ile mevcut g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcy\u00fc dondurabilir ve inceleyebilirsiniz<\/li> <li><strong>D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm Bilgisi:<\/strong> Herhangi bir d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm \u00fczerine t\u0131klayarak o cihaza ait detayl\u0131 trafik bilgilerini g\u00f6rebilirsiniz<\/li> <\/ul> <h2>Sorun Giderme<\/h2> <ul> <li><strong>\"Permission denied\" hatas\u0131:<\/strong> EtherApe'i <code>sudo<\/code> ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n veya kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131za pcap eri\u015fim izni verin<\/li> <li><strong>Aray\u00fcz g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcyor:<\/strong> Baz\u0131 kablosuz aray\u00fczler izleme moduna ge\u00e7irilmelidir, <code>sudo airmon-ng start wlan0<\/code> komutunu deneyin<\/li> <li><strong>Trafik g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcyor:<\/strong> Filtre ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin veya ba\u015fka bir aray\u00fcz se\u00e7in<\/li> <\/ul> EtherApe ile a\u011f\u0131n\u0131zdaki trafik ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 izlemek, g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 tespit etmek ve performans sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek art\u0131k \u00e7ok daha kolay","excerpt":"G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz dijital d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda, a\u011f y\u00f6neticileri ve siber g\u00fcvenlik uzmanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in a\u011f trafi\u011fini etkili bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirmek kritik...","created_at":"2025-04-16 10:39:37","updated_at":"2026-09-08 01:39:39","category_id":6,"view_count":771,"reading_time":5,"status":"published","editor_choice":0,"is_editor_choice":0,"published_at":"2025-04-16 10:39:37","featured_image":"resimyok.jpg","slug":"etherape-ile-ag-trafigini-gorsellestirin","category_name":"Sistem","category_slug":"sistem","category_color":"#3b82f6"},{"id":145,"title":"Olay M\u00fcdahalesi Nedir?","content":"Olay M\u00fcdahalesi, bir bilgisayar veya a\u011f g\u00fcvenlik olay\u0131 meydana geldi\u011finde izlenen bir eylem s\u00fcreci olarak tan\u0131mlanabilir. Bir Olay M\u00fcdahale Uzman\u0131 olarak, sistemlerinizde neyin bulunmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi ve neyin bulunmamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi konusunda her zaman bilin\u00e7li olmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z. G\u00fcvenlik olaylar\u0131 \u015fu y\u00f6ntemlerle a\u015f\u0131labilir: - \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan s\u00fcre\u00e7leri inceleyerek - Fiziksel bellek i\u00e7eri\u011fine dair bilgi sahibi olarak - Ana bilgisayar ad\u0131, IP adresi, i\u015fletim sistemi gibi detaylar\u0131 toplayarak - Sistem servisleri hakk\u0131nda bilgi toplayarak - Sisteme giri\u015f yapm\u0131\u015f t\u00fcm bilinen ve bilinmeyen kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 tespit ederek - A\u011f ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131, a\u00e7\u0131k portlar\u0131 ve herhangi bir a\u011f etkinli\u011fini kontrol ederek - Mevcut \u00e7e\u015fitli dosyalar\u0131 belirleyerek <strong>Kullan\u0131c\u0131 Hesaplar\u0131<\/strong> Bir Olay M\u00fcdahale Uzman\u0131 olarak, kullan\u0131c\u0131 hesaplar\u0131n\u0131n aktivitelerini ara\u015ft\u0131rmak \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Bu, giri\u015f yapm\u0131\u015f kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131, mevcut kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131, ola\u011fan veya ola\u011fan d\u0131\u015f\u0131 giri\u015fleri, ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z giri\u015f denemelerini, izinleri, sudo eri\u015fimlerini anlaman\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. Kullan\u0131c\u0131 hesap aktivitesini kontrol etmek i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli komutlar: \/etc\/passwd Sisteminizde \u015f\u00fcpheli g\u00f6r\u00fcnebilecek bir hesap giri\u015fi olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu komut genellikle kullan\u0131c\u0131 hesab\u0131yla ilgili t\u00fcm bilgileri getirir. Bunu yapmak i\u00e7in \u015funu yaz\u0131n: <pre  data-enlighter-language=\"python\">cat \/etc\/passwd <\/pre> &nbsp; \u00d6rnek \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131: <pre  data-enlighter-language=\"prolog\">root@ubuntu:z = Cat \/etc\/passwd root:x:0 src=x:\/root:\/blu\/bash deconrx:1:1:deconrx:\/usr\/sbtn:\/usr\/sbtn\/nologin bln:x:22:2:btn:\/btn:\/usr\/sbtn\/nologin sysr:3:33:sysr:\/dev:\/usr\/sbtn\/nologin sync:x:5:65534:sync:\/bsn:\/blu\/sync games:x:5:68 games:\/usr\/games:\/usr\/sbtn\/nologin nBN:x:6:12:nBN:\/usr\/cache\/nan:\/usr\/sbtn\/nologin lp:x:7:7:8:p:\/var\/spool:\/gb:\/usr\/sbtn\/nologin na1l:x:8:ne:la:f:\/var\/na1l:\/usr\/sbtn\/nologin news:x:9:9:news:\/var\/spool\/news:\/usr\/sbtn\/nologin upe9:x:10:10:news:\/var\/spool\/user:\/usr\/sbtn\/nologin proxy:x:13:13:proxy:\/blu:\/usr\/sbtn\/nologin new-data:x:31:33:new-data:\/var\/new:\/usr\/sbtn\/nologin backup:x:34:34:backup:\/var\/packups:\/usr\/sbtn\/nologin list:x:33:38:na1l:ll:x:4:Manner:\/var\/list:\/usr\/sbtn\/nologin trc:x:39:39:trcd:\/var\/run\/trcd:\/usr\/sbtn\/nologin gnat:x:44:41:Gnats:Big-Peeporting System (admin):\/var\/lib\/gnats:\/usr joboby:x:65534:65534:mobody:\/home:dcten:t:\/usr\/sbtn\/nologin<\/pre> Linux'ta Kullan\u0131c\u0131 Hesap \u0130nceleme Komutlar\u0131 <strong>passwd -s Komutu<\/strong> Linux'ta 'Setuid' se\u00e7ene\u011fi, \u00f6zel bir dosya iznidir. Bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 \u015fifre de\u011fi\u015ftirmek istedi\u011finde 'passwd' komutunu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rabilir. Root hesab\u0131 setuid olarak i\u015faretlendi\u011fi i\u00e7in ge\u00e7ici izinler elde edebilirsiniz. passwd -s raj \u00d6rnek \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131: <pre  data-enlighter-language=\"python\">root@ubuntu:~# passwd -s raj raj P 07\/05\/2020 0 99999 7 -1 root@ubuntu:~#<\/pre> &nbsp; &nbsp; ## grep Komutu Grep, d\u00fcz metin i\u00e7inde bir d\u00fczenli ifadeyle e\u015fle\u015fen sat\u0131rlar\u0131 aramak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. `:0:` ifadesi, \/etc\/passwd dosyas\u0131ndaki 'UID 0' (root) kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u00d6rnek kullan\u0131m: <pre  data-enlighter-language=\"python\">grep :0: \/etc\/passwd<\/pre> &nbsp; &nbsp; \u00d6rnek \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131: <pre  data-enlighter-language=\"python\">root@ubuntu:~# grep :0: \/etc\/passwd root=x:0:0:root:\/root:\/bin\/bash<\/pre> &nbsp; <h2>find \/ -nouser Komutu<\/h2> Bir sald\u0131rgan\u0131n sald\u0131r\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in ge\u00e7ici bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 olu\u015fturup olu\u015fturmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek ve g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r (sistemde tan\u0131ml\u0131 olmayan sahipsiz dosyalar\u0131 bulur). \u00d6rnek kullan\u0131m: <pre  data-enlighter-language=\"python\">find \/ -nouser -print<\/pre> \u00d6rnek \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131: <pre  data-enlighter-language=\"python\">root@ubuntu:~# find \/ -nouser -print find: '\/run\/user\/1000\/doc': Permission denied find: '\/run\/user\/1000\/gvfs': Permission denied \/var\/cache\/private\/fwupdngr \/var\/cache\/private\/fwupdngr\/fwupd \/var\/cache\/private\/fwupdngr\/fwupd\/lvfs-netadata.xml.gz.asc \/var\/cache\/private\/fwupdngr\/fwupd\/lvfs-netadata.xml.gz <\/pre> &nbsp; &nbsp; <pre  data-enlighter-language=\"bash\">cat \/etc\/shadow<\/pre> &nbsp; \u00d6rnek \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131: <pre  data-enlighter-language=\"bash\">root@ubuntu:~# cat \/etc\/shadow root1::18448:0:99999:7::: daemon:*:18375:0:99999:7::: bin:*:18375:0:99999:7:::<\/pre> &nbsp; **A\u00e7\u0131klama:** - `\/etc\/shadow` dosyas\u0131 \u015fifrelenmi\u015f parolalar\u0131 ve parola detaylar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir - Sadece **root** kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan eri\u015filebilir - Her sat\u0131r bir kullan\u0131c\u0131y\u0131 temsil eder ve `:` ile ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f 9 alan i\u00e7erir **Alanlar\u0131n Anlam\u0131:** 1. Kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131 2. \u015eifrelenmi\u015f parola (`*` hesab\u0131n kilitli oldu\u011funu, `!!` parola olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir) 3. Son parola de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi tarihi (Unix zaman damgas\u0131) 4. Minimum parola \u00f6mr\u00fc (g\u00fcn) 5. Maksimum parola \u00f6mr\u00fc (g\u00fcn) 6. Parola de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi uyar\u0131 s\u00fcresi (g\u00fcn) 7. Hesap inaktivite s\u00fcresi (g\u00fcn) 8. Hesap son kullanma tarihi 9. Rezerve alan **\u00d6rnek Format:** <pre  data-enlighter-language=\"bash\">username:encrypted_password:last_change:min:max:warn:inactive:expire:reserved<\/pre> &nbsp; <pre  data-enlighter-language=\"python\">cat \/etc\/group root@ubuntu:~# cat \/etc\/group root:x:0: daemon:x:1: bin:x:2: sys:x:3: adm:x:4:syslog,raj,mtsp ttw:x:5:<\/pre> A\u00e7\u0131klama: - `\/etc\/group` dosyas\u0131, sistemdeki **kullan\u0131c\u0131 gruplar\u0131n\u0131n bilgilerini** i\u00e7erir. - Her sat\u0131r bir grubu temsil eder ve `:` ile ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f 4 alandan olu\u015fur: 1. **Grup ad\u0131** (\u00f6r. `root`, `adm`) 2. **Grup \u015fifresi** (genellikle `x` ile g\u00f6sterilir, \u015fifre `\/etc\/gshadow`'da saklan\u0131r) 3. **Grup ID (GID)** (\u00f6r. `0` root grubu i\u00e7in) 4. **Gruba ait kullan\u0131c\u0131lar** (virg\u00fclle ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f liste, \u00f6r. `syslog,raj,mtsp`) \u00d6nemli Gruplar: - `root` (GID 0): S\u00fcper kullan\u0131c\u0131 grubu. - `adm` (GID 4): Sistem loglar\u0131na eri\u015fimi olan kullan\u0131c\u0131lar (\u00f6r. `syslog`). - `sudo`: Sudo komutunu kullanabilen kullan\u0131c\u0131lar (bu \u00f6rnekte g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcyor ancak genellikle bulunur). Kullan\u0131m Senaryolar\u0131: 1. **Bir gruptaki kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 listelemek**: <pre  data-enlighter-language=\"python\">grep adm \/etc\/group<\/pre> &nbsp; \u00c7\u0131kt\u0131: `adm:x:4:syslog,raj,mtsp` 2.Kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n ait oldu\u011fu gruplar\u0131 g\u00f6rmek: <pre  data-enlighter-language=\"python\">groups raj<\/pre> \u00c7\u0131kt\u0131: `raj : adm ...` (raj kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n `adm` grubunda oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir). sudo yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131: `\/etc\/sudoers` dosyas\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleniyor. Bu dosya, sudo komutunun kimin hangi yetkilerle kullanabilece\u011fini belirleyen yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan komut: <pre  data-enlighter-language=\"python\">cat \/etc\/sudoers <\/pre> Dosyan\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fi \u015funlar\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor: - Dosyan\u0131n sadece 'visudo' komutu ile d\u00fczenlenmesi gerekti\u011fi konusunda uyar\u0131 - Yerel de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin do\u011frudan bu dosyaya de\u011fil, `\/etc\/sudoers.d\/` dizini alt\u0131ndaki dosyalara eklenmesi \u00f6nerisi - Varsay\u0131lan ayarlar: env_reset, mail_badpass, secure_path - Kullan\u0131c\u0131 yetkileri: - root kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 t\u00fcm komutlar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rabilir: `root ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL` - admin grubunun \u00fcyeleri root yetkilerine sahip olabilir: `%admin ALL=(ALL) ALL` - sudo grubunun \u00fcyeleri herhangi bir komutu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rabilir: `%sudo ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL` - \/etc\/sudoers.d dizinindeki di\u011fer dosyalar\u0131n da dahil edildi\u011fini g\u00f6steren sat\u0131r <img  src=\"https:\/\/ondernet.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Screenshot_2-300x290.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"290\" \/> Bu dosya, sistem y\u00f6neticisi taraf\u0131ndan dikkatle d\u00fczenlenmesi gereken kritik bir sistem dosyas\u0131d\u0131r. ..to be continued","excerpt":"Olay M\u00fcdahalesi, bir bilgisayar veya a\u011f g\u00fcvenlik olay\u0131 meydana geldi\u011finde izlenen bir eylem s\u00fcreci olarak tan\u0131mlanabilir. Bir Olay M\u00fcdahale...","created_at":"2025-03-27 22:52:41","updated_at":"2026-09-08 00:56:20","category_id":7,"view_count":680,"reading_time":6,"status":"published","editor_choice":0,"is_editor_choice":0,"published_at":"2025-03-27 22:52:41","featured_image":"resimyok.jpg","slug":"olay-mudahalesi-nedir","category_name":"Cyber Security","category_slug":"cyber-security","category_color":"#10b981"},{"id":251,"title":"\u00c7ok kullan\u0131lmayan Linux Komutlar\u0131","content":"<p>\u0130ster Sistem Y\u00f6neticisi, Geli\u015ftirici, DevOps, G\u00fcvenlik veya Operasyon uzman\u0131 olun, Linux\u2019u ve ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 etkili bir \u015fekilde kullanmak \u00f6\u011frenebilece\u011finiz en temel beceridir. Linux, d\u00fcnyadaki sunucular\u0131n ve uygulamalar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun temelini olu\u015fturur.<\/p><p>\u201cProfesyonel geli\u015ftiricilerin %47'si Linux tabanl\u0131 i\u015fletim sistemleri kullanmaktad\u0131r.\u201d<\/p><p>## Linux Komutlar\u0131: Herkesin kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/p><p>Bunlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu ls veya echo gibi komutlar\u0131 g\u00f6steren ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 seviyesinde, san\u0131r\u0131m \u00e7o\u011funuz temel komutlar\u0131 zaten biliyorsunuz.<\/p><p>Bu makale farkl\u0131. \u0130\u015f yerinde her g\u00fcn kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m komutlar\u0131n ki\u015fisel bir \u00f6zetini payla\u015faca\u011f\u0131m. Bu liste ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 ipu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7iyor ve daha h\u0131zl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131za ve Linux\u2019u daha iyi y\u00f6netmenize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacak komutlara odaklan\u0131yor.<\/p><p>\u0130ki b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015facak:<br>1. Linux Ara\u00e7lar\u0131 \u2014 \u00d6nemli ara\u00e7lar ve bunlar\u0131 etkili kullanma<br>2. Ge\u00e7ici Komutlar \u2014 \u0130htiya\u00e7 duydu\u011funuzda h\u0131zl\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler i\u00e7in kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131 komutlar<\/p><p>## Linux Ara\u00e7lar\u0131<\/p><p>### Yard\u0131mc\u0131 Programlar<\/p><p>#### rsync<br>Dosya ve dizinleri hedefe kopyalamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r, cp komutuna benzer. Ancak uzak konumlara kopyalama yapabilir ve ilerleme \u00e7ubu\u011fu g\u00f6sterebilir, genellikle yedeklemeler i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p><p># \u00d6rnek Kullan\u0131m<br>$ rsync -vap \u2014 ignore-existing &lt;kaynak_dosya&gt; &lt;hedef_dosya&gt;<\/p><p># \u00d6nemli bayraklar:<br>v = ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131, r = \u00f6zyinelemeli, p = izinleri koru, g = grup, o = sahip, a = ar\u015fiv, \u2014 progress = ilerleme \u00e7ubu\u011fu<\/p><p>#### mkpasswd<br>mkpasswd basit ama \u00e7ok kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131 bir komuttur, belirtilen uzunlukta karma\u015f\u0131k rastgele \u015fifre olu\u015fturur.<\/p><p>$ mkpasswd -l 8<br>&gt; iwF1g2Lo<\/p><p>#### screen<br>Screen tam ekran pencere y\u00f6neticisidir; i\u00e7inde kabuk \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran tek bir pencere olu\u015fturur ve tek bir oturum i\u00e7inde birden fazla screen penceresinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na izin verir. Uzaktan uzun bir g\u00f6rev \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yorsan\u0131z ve SSH oturumunuzun d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcp her \u015feyi mahvetmesinden endi\u015feleniyorsan\u0131z \u00e7ok faydal\u0131d\u0131r. Screen ba\u011flant\u0131 kesintisinden sonra da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya devam eder.<\/p><p># \u00d6rnek Kullan\u0131m<br>$ screen # Screen oturumu ba\u015flat<br>$ screen -ls # \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan servisleri listele<br>$ screen -r # Oturuma ba\u011flan<br><br>Makalenin devam\u0131n\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00e7evirisiyle sunuyorum:<\/p><p>#### Ldapsearch<br>LDAP veritabanlar\u0131yla d\u00fczenli olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorsan\u0131z, Ldapsearch olmazsa olmazd\u0131r. Bu ara\u00e7, LDAP sunucusuna ba\u011flant\u0131 a\u00e7ar ve veritaban\u0131n\u0131zdaki giri\u015fleri araman\u0131za, bulman\u0131za ve hata ay\u0131klaman\u0131za olanak tan\u0131r.<\/p><p># \u00d6rnek Kullan\u0131m<br>$ ldapsearch -x -W -D &lt;kullan\u0131c\u0131_ad\u0131&gt; | less<\/p><p># \u00d6nemli Bayraklar<br>-x = basit kimlik do\u011frulama<br>-W = \u015fifre sorma<br>-D = LDAP dizinine ba\u011flanmak i\u00e7in ay\u0131rt edici binddn ad\u0131n\u0131 kullan<\/p><p>### \u0130zleme Ara\u00e7lar\u0131<\/p><p>#### Uptime<br>Uptime, bir sunucunun ne kadar s\u00fcredir \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131, mevcut zaman, kullan\u0131c\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131 ve bellek kullan\u0131m ortalamalar\u0131 gibi metrikleri d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcr. Sunucunuzda bir \u015feyler ters gitti\u011finde, genellikle ilk ba\u015fvurulan komuttur.<\/p><p>#### w<br>Evet, tek harf. Bu, uptime ve who komutlar\u0131n\u0131n harika bir kombinasyonudur.<br><br>$ w<\/p><p>#### Wall<br>Wall, herhangi bir sistem y\u00f6neticisi i\u00e7in kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131 bir komuttur; sistemde o anda oturum a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f olan herkesin terminaline mesaj g\u00f6ndermenizi sa\u011flar. Bu, sistem genelindeki duyurular i\u00e7in \u00e7ok kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131 olabilir.<\/p><p>$ wall \u201cBak\u0131m 13:30'da planlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u201d<\/p><p>#### Top<br>CPU ve kritik bellek kullan\u0131m\u0131 ile CPU kullan\u0131m metrikleri i\u00e7in otomatik yenilenen bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 listesi g\u00f6sterir.<br><br>$ top<\/p><p>#### Ncdu<br>ncdu komutu, disk kullan\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in h\u0131zl\u0131 ve kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131 bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm sa\u011flar. En \u00e7ok disk alan\u0131 kullanan dizinleri h\u0131zl\u0131 ve kolay bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in kullanabilirsiniz.<br><br>$ ncdu<\/p><p>#### lsof<br>lsof, temel bir ama\u00e7 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan tek bir komuttur: A\u00e7\u0131k Dosyalar\u0131 Listele (LiSt Open Files). \u00d6zellikle dosyalar\u0131n kullan\u0131mda oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyen ba\u011flama sorunlar\u0131 ya\u015farken \u00e7ok kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu komut, hangi dosyalar\u0131n hangi i\u015flemler taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 h\u0131zl\u0131ca tan\u0131mlar.<br><br>$ lsof<\/p><p>### A\u011f Ara\u00e7lar\u0131<\/p><p>#### Netcat<br>Netcat veya nc \u00f6ncelikle port taramas\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r, ancak asl\u0131nda sistem y\u00f6neticilerinin herhangi bir g\u00f6rev i\u00e7in ellerinin alt\u0131nda bulundurmalar\u0131 gereken harika bir a\u011f yard\u0131mc\u0131 program\u0131d\u0131r. Netcat; port tarama, dosya kopyalama, port y\u00f6nlendirme, proxy sunucular\u0131 ve sunucu bar\u0131nd\u0131rma gibi i\u015flemleri destekleyebilir\u2026 K\u0131sacas\u0131 inan\u0131lmaz derecede \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p><p># \u00d6rnek Kullan\u0131m:<br>$ nc -vz &lt;host&gt; &lt;port&gt; # \u0130ki host aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011flant\u0131y\u0131 belirli bir portta kontrol eder<br>$ nc -l 8080 | nc &lt;host&gt; 80 # Proxy sunucu olu\u015fturma<\/p><p>#### NetStat<br>Netstat; y\u00f6nlendirme tablolar\u0131, a\u011f ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131, \u00fcyelikler, istatistikler, bayraklar vb. gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli a\u011f ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p><p># \u00d6rnek Kullan\u0131m&nbsp;<br>$ netstat -a # T\u00fcm a\u011f portlar\u0131n\u0131 listele<br>$ netstat -tlpn # T\u00fcm dinleme portlar\u0131n\u0131 listele<\/p><p># \u00d6nemli Bayraklar<br>-s = \u0130statistikleri g\u00f6ster<br>-v = Ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131<br>-r = Y\u00f6nlendirme tablolar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6ster<br>-i = Aray\u00fcz tablosunu g\u00f6ster<br>-g = Grup \u00fcyeliklerini g\u00f6ster<\/p><p>#### Nslookup<br>\u0130nternet veya yerel a\u011f\u0131n\u0131zdaki sunucular hakk\u0131nda bilgi almak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Ad sunucusu bilgilerini bulmak i\u00e7in DNS\u2019yi sorgular ve a\u011f hata ay\u0131klama i\u00e7in kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131 olabilir.<\/p><p># \u00d6rnek Kullan\u0131m<br>$ nslookup medium.com\/tags\/devops<\/p><p># \u00d6nemli Bayraklar<br>-port = Ba\u011flant\u0131 i\u00e7in port numaras\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftir<br>-type = Sorgu t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011fi\u015ftir<br>-domain = Arama listesini isme ayarlar<\/p><p>#### TCPDump<br>Sisteminize gelen ve giden trafi\u011fi yakalamak ve analiz etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. A\u011f sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n hata ay\u0131klamas\u0131 ve giderilmesinde uzmanla\u015fm\u0131\u015f, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r, ayn\u0131 zamanda bir g\u00fcvenlik arac\u0131 olarak da kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p><p># \u00d6rnek Kullan\u0131m<br>$ tcpdump<br>$ tcpdump -i &lt;aray\u00fcz&gt; &lt;ip_adresi veya hostname&gt; &lt;port&gt;<\/p><p>### Ge\u00e7ici Komutlar<\/p><p>#### API Yan\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 G\u00fczel Yazd\u0131rma<br>API\u2019lerle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken terminalde JSON verilerini okumak olduk\u00e7a sinir bozucu olabilir. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da g\u00f6rebilece\u011finiz gibi, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir veri k\u00fcmesi bile komut sat\u0131r\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclendi\u011finde h\u0131zl\u0131ca kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcp okunmas\u0131 \u00e7ok zor hale gelebilir.<\/p><p>$ cat test.json<br>{\u201ctitle\u201d:\u201dPerson\u201d,\u201dtype\u201d:\u201dobject\u201d,\u201dproperties\u201d:{\u201cfirstName\u201d:{\u201ctype\u201d:\u201dstring\u201d},\u201dlastName\u201d:{\u201ctype\u201d:\u201dstring\u201d},\u201dage\u201d:{\u201cdescription\u201d:\u201dAge in years\u201d,\u201dtype\u201d:\u201dinteger\u201d,\u201dminimum\u201d:0}},\u201drequired\u201d:}<\/p><p>Neyse ki Python\u2019un bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc var. \u00c7\u0131kt\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 python\u2019a y\u00f6nlendirerek JSON tool mod\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rabiliriz. Bu, JSON belgesini \u00e7ok daha kolay okunabilir ve g\u00f6ze daha ho\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcnen bir \u015fekilde yazd\u0131racakt\u0131r.<\/p><p><\/p><p>Ayr\u0131ca, komut sat\u0131r\u0131 JSON aray\u00fcz\u00fc olan JQ\u2019yu da referans g\u00f6stermek gerekir:<br><br>$ jq . file.json<\/p><p>#### Kullan\u0131labilir Paketleri apt ile Arama<br><br>$ apt-cache search &lt;anahtar_kelime&gt;<\/p><p>#### \u0130ki Komutun \u00c7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma<br><br># \u0130ki ls komutunun \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma \u00f6rne\u011fi<br>$ diff -u &lt;(ls -l \/dizin\/) &lt;(ls -l \/dizin\/) | colordiff<\/p><p>#### Unix Zaman Damgas\u0131n\u0131 \u0130nsan Taraf\u0131ndan Okunabilir Formata D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme<br><br># Unix zaman damgas\u0131n\u0131 insan taraf\u0131ndan okunabilir formata d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr<br>$ date -d 1656685875<br>Fri, 01 Jul 2022 14:31:15 +0000<\/p><p># Mevcut zaman\u0131 UNIX zaman damgas\u0131 olarak al<br>$ date \u201c+%s\u201d<\/p><p>#### Git Commit\u2019lerini Birle\u015ftirme<br><br>$ git log # Ka\u00e7 commit yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn<br>$ git rebase -i HEAD~x # x = yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z commit say\u0131s\u0131<br># Metin edit\u00f6r\u00fcnde de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri yap\u0131n, son commit\u2019i pick olarak tutun ve di\u011ferlerini squash olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirin<br># Commit mesajlar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyin, tercihen \u00f6nceki commit\u2019lerden olanlar\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131n<br>$ git push \u2014 force-with-lease<\/p><p>#### T\u00fcm Systemd Servislerini Listeleme<br><br>$ systemctl -l -t service | less<\/p>","excerpt":"\u0130ster Sistem Y\u00f6neticisi, Geli\u015ftirici, DevOps, G\u00fcvenlik veya Operasyon uzman\u0131 olun, Linux\u2019u ve ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 etkili bir \u015fekilde kullanmak \u00f6\u011frenebilece\u011finiz en temel beceridir. Linux, d\u00fcnyadaki sunucular\u0131n ve uygulamalar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun temelini olu\u015fturur.\r\n\u201cProfesyonel geli\u015ftiricilerin %47'si Linux...","created_at":"2024-12-29 11:38:46","updated_at":"2026-09-07 07:25:50","category_id":10,"view_count":666,"reading_time":7,"status":"published","editor_choice":0,"is_editor_choice":0,"published_at":"2024-12-29 11:38:46","featured_image":"resimyok.jpg","slug":"cok-kullanilmayan-linux-komutlari","category_name":"nix Linux Unix","category_slug":"nix-linux-unix","category_color":"#2a1952"},{"id":257,"title":"LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP) sunucu y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n MySQL bile\u015fenini Ubuntu Kurulumu","content":"<p>LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP) sunucu y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n MySQL bile\u015fenini Ubuntu\u2019ya kurulum<\/p><p>1. \u00d6ncelikle sistemi g\u00fcncelleyelim:<br>```bash<br>sudo apt update<br>sudo apt upgrade<br>```<\/p><p>2. MySQL Server\u2019\u0131 y\u00fckleyelim:<br>```bash<br>sudo apt install mysql-server<br>```<\/p><p>3. MySQL\u2019in \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edelim:<br>```bash<br>sudo systemctl status mysql<br>```<\/p><p>4. MySQL g\u00fcvenlik ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131ral\u0131m:<br>```bash<br>sudo mysql_secure_installation<br>```<br>Bu komut size \u015funlar\u0131 soracak:<br>- Root \u015fifresi i\u00e7in VALIDATE PASSWORD bile\u015fenini kullanmak isteyip istemedi\u011finiz<br>- Root i\u00e7in yeni \u015fifre<br>- Anonim kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 kald\u0131rmak isteyip istemedi\u011finiz<br>- Root\u2019un uzaktan giri\u015fine izin verilip verilmeyece\u011fi<br>- Test veritaban\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p kald\u0131r\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131<br>- Yetki tablolar\u0131n\u0131n yeniden y\u00fcklenip y\u00fcklenmeyece\u011fi<\/p><p>5. MySQL\u2019e root olarak giri\u015f yapal\u0131m:<br>```bash<br>sudo mysql<br>```<\/p><p>6. Yeni bir veritaban\u0131 kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olu\u015ftural\u0131m:<br>```sql<br>CREATE USER \u2018kullaniciadi\u2019@\u2019localhost\u2019 IDENTIFIED BY \u2018sifreniz\u2019;<br>```<\/p><p>7. Kullan\u0131c\u0131ya yetki verelim:<br>```sql<br>GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO \u2018kullaniciadi\u2019@\u2019localhost\u2019;<br>FLUSH PRIVILEGES;<br>```<\/p><p>8. MySQL\u2019den \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f yapal\u0131m:<br>```sql<br>EXIT;<br>```<\/p><p>9. Yeni kullan\u0131c\u0131 ile giri\u015f yaparak test edelim:<br>```bash<br>mysql -u kullaniciadi -p<br>```<\/p><p>Baz\u0131 faydal\u0131 MySQL komutlar\u0131:<br>```sql<br>\u2014 Veritabanlar\u0131n\u0131 listele<br>SHOW DATABASES;<\/p><p>\u2014 Yeni veritaban\u0131 olu\u015ftur<br>CREATE DATABASE veritabani_adi;<\/p><p>\u2014 Veritaban\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7<br>USE veritabani_adi;<\/p><p>\u2014 Tablolar\u0131 listele<br>SHOW TABLES;<br>```<\/p><p>G\u00fcvenlik \u0130pu\u00e7lar\u0131:<br>1. G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u015fifreler kullan\u0131n<br>2. Sadece gerekli yetkileri verin<br>3. Root eri\u015fimini s\u0131n\u0131rlay\u0131n<br>4. D\u00fczenli yedek al\u0131n<\/p><p>MySQL servis y\u00f6netimi komutlar\u0131:<br>```bash<br># MySQL\u2019i durdurmak i\u00e7in<br>sudo systemctl stop mysql<\/p><p># MySQL\u2019i ba\u015flatmak i\u00e7in<br>sudo systemctl start mysql<\/p><p># MySQL\u2019i yeniden ba\u015flatmak i\u00e7in<br>sudo systemctl restart mysql<\/p><p># MySQL\u2019in otomatik ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131 devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakmak i\u00e7in<br>sudo systemctl disable mysql<\/p><p># MySQL\u2019in otomatik ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131 etkinle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in<br>sudo systemctl enable mysql<br>```<\/p><p>MySQL\u2019in yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131 konumu: `\/etc\/mysql\/mysql.conf.d\/mysqld.cnf`<\/p><p>Yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fiklik yapt\u0131ktan sonra MySQL\u2019i yeniden ba\u015flatmay\u0131 unutmay\u0131n:<br>```bash<br>sudo systemctl restart mysql<br>```<\/p><p>LAMP\u2019in di\u011fer bile\u015fenlerini (Apache ve PHP) kural\u0131m:<\/p><p>1. Apache web sunucusunu kural\u0131m:<br>```bash<br>sudo apt install apache2<br>```<\/p><p>2. Apache\u2019nin durumunu kontrol edelim:<br>```bash<br>sudo systemctl status apache2<br>```<\/p><p>3. Apache\u2019yi firewall\u2019a ekleyelim:<br>```bash<br>sudo ufw allow in \u201cApache Full\u201d<br>```<\/p><p>4. PHP ve gerekli mod\u00fclleri kural\u0131m:<br>```bash<br>sudo apt install php libapache2-mod-php php-mysql php-common php-cli php-json php-common php-mbstring php-zip php-gd php-xml php-curl<br>```<\/p><p>5. PHP s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kontrol edelim:<br>```bash<br>php -v<br>```<\/p><p>6. Apache\u2019yi yeniden ba\u015flatal\u0131m:<br>```bash<br>sudo systemctl restart apache2<br>```<\/p><p>7. Test sayfas\u0131 olu\u015ftural\u0131m:<br>```bash<br>sudo nano \/var\/www\/html\/info.php<br>```<\/p><p>\u0130\u00e7ine \u015fu kodu ekleyelim:<br>```php<br>&lt;?php<br>phpinfo();<br>?&gt;<br>```<\/p><p>8. Kurulumu test etmek i\u00e7in taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131zda \u015fu adresi a\u00e7\u0131n:<br>```<br><a href=\"http:\/\/localhost\/info.php\">http:\/\/localhost\/info.php<\/a><br>```<br>veya<br>```<br><a href=\"http:\/\/sunucu_ip_adresi\/info.php\">http:\/\/sunucu_ip_adresi\/info.php<\/a><br>```<\/p><p>Dizin \u0130zinlerini Ayarlama:<br>```bash<br># Web dizininin sahipli\u011fini www-data kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131na ver<br>sudo chown -R www-data:www-data \/var\/www\/html\/<\/p><p># Dizin izinlerini ayarla<br>sudo chmod -R 755 \/var\/www\/html\/<br>```<\/p><p>Apache Temel Komutlar\u0131:<br>```bash<br># Apache\u2019yi durdurmak i\u00e7in<br>sudo systemctl stop apache2<\/p><p># Apache\u2019yi ba\u015flatmak i\u00e7in<br>sudo systemctl start apache2<\/p><p># Apache\u2019yi yeniden ba\u015flatmak i\u00e7in<br>sudo systemctl restart apache2<\/p><p># Apache durumunu kontrol etmek i\u00e7in<br>sudo systemctl status apache2<br>```<\/p><p>Virtual Host Olu\u015fturma:<br>1. Dizin olu\u015fturun:<br>```bash<br>sudo mkdir \/var\/www\/siteniz.com<br>```<\/p><p>2. Virtual host dosyas\u0131 olu\u015fturun:<br>```bash<br>sudo nano \/etc\/apache2\/sites-available\/siteniz.com.conf<br>```<\/p><p>3. \u015eu i\u00e7eri\u011fi ekleyin:<br>```apache<br>&lt;VirtualHost *:80&gt;<br>ServerAdmin <a href=\"mailto:webmaster@siteniz.com\">webmaster@siteniz.com<\/a><br>ServerName siteniz.com<br>ServerAlias <a href=\"http:\/\/www.siteniz.com\">www.siteniz.com<\/a><br>DocumentRoot \/var\/www\/siteniz.com<br>ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}\/error.log<br>CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}\/access.log combined<br>&lt;\/VirtualHost&gt;<br>```<\/p><p>4. Virtual host\u2019u etkinle\u015ftirin:<br>```bash<br>sudo a2ensite siteniz.com.conf<br>sudo systemctl reload apache2<br>```<\/p><p>\u00d6nemli Dosya Konumlar\u0131:<br>- Apache ana yap\u0131land\u0131rma: `\/etc\/apache2\/apache2.conf`<br>- PHP yap\u0131land\u0131rma: `\/etc\/php\/\/apache2\/php.ini`<br>- Apache log dosyalar\u0131: `\/var\/log\/apache2\/`<br>- Varsay\u0131lan web dizini: `\/var\/www\/html\/`<\/p><p>G\u00fcvenlik \u0130pu\u00e7lar\u0131:<br>1. D\u00fczenli g\u00fcncellemeleri yap\u0131n<br>2. Gereksiz PHP mod\u00fcllerini kald\u0131r\u0131n<br>3. PHP hata mesajlar\u0131n\u0131 production ortam\u0131nda kapat\u0131n<br>4. SSL sertifikas\u0131 kurun (Let\u2019s Encrypt kullanabilirsiniz)<br>5. ModSecurity gibi Web Application Firewall kullan\u0131n<\/p><p>SSL Sertifikas\u0131 Kurulumu (Let\u2019s Encrypt):<br>```bash<br>sudo apt install certbot python3-certbot-apache<br>sudo certbot \u2014 apache<br>```<\/p>","excerpt":"LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP) sunucu y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n MySQL bile\u015fenini Ubuntu\u2019ya kurulum\r\n1. \u00d6ncelikle sistemi g\u00fcncelleyelim:```bashsudo apt updatesudo apt upgrade```\r\n2. MySQL Server\u2019\u0131 y\u00fckleyelim:```bashsudo apt install mysql-server```\r\n3. MySQL\u2019in \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edelim:```bashsudo systemctl status...","created_at":"2024-12-29 11:36:48","updated_at":"2026-09-23 11:03:03","category_id":10,"view_count":677,"reading_time":4,"status":"published","editor_choice":0,"is_editor_choice":0,"published_at":"2024-12-29 11:36:48","featured_image":"resimyok.jpg","slug":"lamp-linux-apache-mysql-php-sunucu-yigininin-mysql-bilesenini-ubuntu-kurulumu","category_name":"nix Linux Unix","category_slug":"nix-linux-unix","category_color":"#2a1952"},{"id":259,"title":"Linux\/Unix sistemlerinde disk y\u00f6netimiyle ilgili kapsaml\u0131 bir makale","content":"<p>Linux ve Unix sistemlerde disk y\u00f6netimi, sistem y\u00f6neticilerinin en temel g\u00f6revlerinden biridir. Bu makalede, disk y\u00f6netiminde kullan\u0131lan temel komutlar\u0131 ve kullan\u0131m ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 detayl\u0131 olarak inceleyece\u011fiz.<\/p><p>## 1. Disk Kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u0130zleme Komutlar\u0131<\/p><p>### df (Disk Free)<br>`df` komutu, dosya sistemlerinin kullan\u0131m durumunu g\u00f6sterir.<br>- `df -h`: \u0130nsan taraf\u0131ndan okunabilir formatta (GB, MB) g\u00f6sterir<br>- `df -i`: \u0130node kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir<br>- `df -T`: Dosya sistemi t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6sterir<br>- `df -l`: Sadece yerel dosya sistemlerini g\u00f6sterir<\/p><p>### du (Disk Usage)<br>`du` komutu, dizinlerin ve dosyalar\u0131n disk kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.<br>- `du -h`: \u0130nsan taraf\u0131ndan okunabilir formatta g\u00f6sterir<br>- `du -s`: Sadece toplam boyutu g\u00f6sterir<br>- `du -a`: T\u00fcm dosyalar\u0131 g\u00f6sterir<br>- `du -c`: Toplam boyutu en sonda g\u00f6sterir<\/p><p>## 2. Disk B\u00f6l\u00fcmlendirme Komutlar\u0131<\/p><p>### fdisk<br>Klasik disk b\u00f6l\u00fcmlendirme arac\u0131:<br>- `fdisk -l`: T\u00fcm diskleri ve b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerini listeler<br>- `fdisk \/dev\/sda`: Belirtilen diski b\u00f6l\u00fcmlendirme i\u00e7in a\u00e7ar<\/p><p>### parted<br>Modern disk b\u00f6l\u00fcmlendirme arac\u0131:<br>- `parted -l`: T\u00fcm diskleri ve b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerini listeler<br>- `parted \/dev\/sda print`: Belirli bir diskin b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerini g\u00f6sterir<br>- `parted \/dev\/sda mkpart`: Yeni b\u00f6l\u00fcm olu\u015fturur<\/p><p>### gparted<br>Grafiksel disk b\u00f6l\u00fcmlendirme arac\u0131:<br>- `gparted`: Grafiksel aray\u00fcz\u00fc ba\u015flat\u0131r<\/p><p>## 3. Dosya Sistemi Y\u00f6netimi<\/p><p>### mkfs (Make Filesystem)<br>Dosya sistemi olu\u015fturma:<br>- `mkfs.ext4 \/dev\/sda1`: ext4 dosya sistemi olu\u015fturur<br>- `mkfs.xfs \/dev\/sda2`: XFS dosya sistemi olu\u015fturur<br>- `mkfs.btrfs \/dev\/sda3`: BTRFS dosya sistemi olu\u015fturur<\/p><p>### mount\/umount<br>Disk b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerini ba\u011flama ve ay\u0131rma:<br>- `mount \/dev\/sda1 \/mnt`: Diski ba\u011flar<br>- `umount \/mnt`: Diski ay\u0131r\u0131r<br>- `mount -a`: fstab dosyas\u0131ndaki t\u00fcm diskleri ba\u011flar<\/p><p>## 4. Disk Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Performans<\/p><p>### smartctl<br>Disk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etme:<br>- `smartctl -a \/dev\/sda`: Detayl\u0131 disk bilgilerini g\u00f6sterir<br>- `smartctl -H \/dev\/sda`: Disk sa\u011fl\u0131k durumunu g\u00f6sterir<\/p><p>### iostat<br>Disk I\/O istatistikleri:<br>- `iostat -x 1`: Her saniye disk performans metriklerini g\u00f6sterir<br>- `iostat -m`: MB cinsinden istatistikleri g\u00f6sterir<\/p><p>### fio<br>Disk performans testi:<br>- `fio \u2014 filename=\/dev\/sda \u2014 direct=1 \u2014 rw=randread`: Rastgele okuma testi<br>- `fio \u2014 filename=\/dev\/sda \u2014 direct=1 \u2014 rw=randwrite`: Rastgele yazma testi<\/p><p>## 5. Disk Sorunlar\u0131 ve \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri<\/p><p>### fsck (Filesystem Check)<br>Dosya sistemi kontrol\u00fc ve onar\u0131m\u0131:<br>- `fsck \/dev\/sda1`: Dosya sistemini kontrol eder<br>- `fsck -f \/dev\/sda1`: Zorla kontrol yapar<br>- `fsck -y \/dev\/sda1`: T\u00fcm sorular\u0131 otomatik \u201cevet\u201d yan\u0131tlar<\/p><p>### badblocks<br>Bozuk sekt\u00f6r kontrol\u00fc:<br>- `badblocks -v \/dev\/sda1`: Bozuk sekt\u00f6rleri kontrol eder<br>- `badblocks -w \/dev\/sda1`: Yazma testi ile kontrol eder (destructive)<\/p><p>## 6. LVM (Logical Volume Management)<\/p><p>### pvs\/vgs\/lvs<br>LVM bile\u015fenlerini listeleme:<br>- `pvs`: Fiziksel volumeleri g\u00f6sterir<br>- `vgs`: Volume gruplar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir<br>- `lvs`: Logical volumeleri g\u00f6sterir<\/p><p>### pvcreate\/vgcreate\/lvcreate<br>LVM bile\u015fenleri olu\u015fturma:<br>- `pvcreate \/dev\/sda1`: Fiziksel volume olu\u015fturur<br>- `vgcreate vg0 \/dev\/sda1`: Volume grup olu\u015fturur<br>- `lvcreate -L 10G vg0`: 10GB logical volume olu\u015fturur<\/p><p>## En \u0130yi Uygulamalar<\/p><p>1. **D\u00fczenli \u0130zleme**: Disk kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenli olarak izleyin<br>2. **Yedekleme**: \u00d6nemli disk i\u015flemlerinden \u00f6nce mutlaka yedek al\u0131n<br>3. **Performans Optimizasyonu**: Disk I\/O performans\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenli kontrol edin<br>4. **Otomatik Kontroller**: Disk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kontrollerini otomatikle\u015ftirin<br>5. **Dok\u00fcmantasyon**: Disk yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131 dok\u00fcmante edin<\/p><p>## Sonu\u00e7<\/p><p>Linux\/Unix sistemlerde disk y\u00f6netimi, sistem kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve performans\u0131 i\u00e7in kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir. Bu komutlar\u0131 ve ara\u00e7lar\u0131 etkin kullanmak, sistem y\u00f6neticilerine sorunlar\u0131 h\u0131zl\u0131 tespit etme ve \u00e7\u00f6zme imkan\u0131 sa\u011flar. D\u00fczenli disk kontrol\u00fc ve bak\u0131m\u0131, sistem g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fini art\u0131r\u0131r ve veri kay\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nler.<\/p><p># Disk Management and Essential Commands in Linux\/Unix Systems<\/p><p>Disk management in Linux and Unix systems is one of the most fundamental responsibilities of system administrators. In this article, we will examine in detail the basic commands used in disk management and their purposes.<\/p><p>## 1. Disk Usage Monitoring Commands<\/p><p>### df (Disk Free)<br>The `df` command shows the usage status of file systems.<br>- `df -h`: Shows in human-readable format (GB, MB)<br>- `df -i`: Shows inode usage<br>- `df -T`: Shows filesystem type<br>- `df -l`: Shows only local filesystems<\/p><p>### du (Disk Usage)<br>The `du` command shows disk usage of directories and files.<br>- `du -h`: Shows in human-readable format<br>- `du -s`: Shows only the total size<br>- `du -a`: Shows all files<br>- `du -c`: Shows the grand total at the end<\/p><p>## 2. Disk Partitioning Commands<\/p><p>### fdisk<br>Classic disk partitioning tool:<br>- `fdisk -l`: Lists all disks and their partitions<br>- `fdisk \/dev\/sda`: Opens specified disk for partitioning<\/p><p>### parted<br>Modern disk partitioning tool:<br>- `parted -l`: Lists all disks and their partitions<br>- `parted \/dev\/sda print`: Shows partitions of a specific disk<br>- `parted \/dev\/sda mkpart`: Creates new partition<\/p><p>### gparted<br>Graphical disk partitioning tool:<br>- `gparted`: Launches the graphical interface<\/p><p>## 3. Filesystem Management<\/p><p>### mkfs (Make Filesystem)<br>Creating filesystems:<br>- `mkfs.ext4 \/dev\/sda1`: Creates ext4 filesystem<br>- `mkfs.xfs \/dev\/sda2`: Creates XFS filesystem<br>- `mkfs.btrfs \/dev\/sda3`: Creates BTRFS filesystem<\/p><p>### mount\/umount<br>Mounting and unmounting disk partitions:<br>- `mount \/dev\/sda1 \/mnt`: Mounts the disk<br>- `umount \/mnt`: Unmounts the disk<br>- `mount -a`: Mounts all disks in fstab<\/p><p>## 4. Disk Health and Performance<\/p><p>### smartctl<br>Checking disk health:<br>- `smartctl -a \/dev\/sda`: Shows detailed disk information<br>- `smartctl -H \/dev\/sda`: Shows disk health status<\/p><p>### iostat<br>Disk I\/O statistics:<br>- `iostat -x 1`: Shows disk performance metrics every second<br>- `iostat -m`: Shows statistics in MB<\/p><p>### fio<br>Disk performance testing:<br>- `fio \u2014 filename=\/dev\/sda \u2014 direct=1 \u2014 rw=randread`: Random read test<br>- `fio \u2014 filename=\/dev\/sda \u2014 direct=1 \u2014 rw=randwrite`: Random write test<\/p><p>## 5. Disk Issues and Solutions<\/p><p>### fsck (Filesystem Check)<br>Filesystem check and repair:<br>- `fsck \/dev\/sda1`: Checks filesystem<br>- `fsck -f \/dev\/sda1`: Forces check<br>- `fsck -y \/dev\/sda1`: Automatically answers \u201cyes\u201d to all questions<\/p><p>### badblocks<br>Bad sector checking:<br>- `badblocks -v \/dev\/sda1`: Checks for bad sectors<br>- `badblocks -w \/dev\/sda1`: Checks with write test (destructive)<\/p><p>## 6. LVM (Logical Volume Management)<\/p><p>### pvs\/vgs\/lvs<br>Listing LVM components:<br>- `pvs`: Shows physical volumes<br>- `vgs`: Shows volume groups<br>- `lvs`: Shows logical volumes<\/p><p>### pvcreate\/vgcreate\/lvcreate<br>Creating LVM components:<br>- `pvcreate \/dev\/sda1`: Creates physical volume<br>- `vgcreate vg0 \/dev\/sda1`: Creates volume group<br>- `lvcreate -L 10G vg0`: Creates 10GB logical volume<\/p><p>## Best Practices<\/p><p>1. **Regular Monitoring**: Monitor disk usage regularly<br>2. **Backup**: Always backup before important disk operations<br>3. **Performance Optimization**: Regularly check disk I\/O performance<br>4. **Automated Checks**: Automate disk health checks<br>5. **Documentation**: Document disk configurations<\/p><p>## Common Issues and Troubleshooting<\/p><p>1. **Disk Space Issues**<br>\u2014 Regular cleanup of temporary files<br>\u2014 Log rotation<br>\u2014 Identifying large files and directories<\/p><p>2. **Performance Problems**<br>\u2014 Monitoring I\/O wait times<br>\u2014 Checking for fragmentation<br>\u2014 Optimizing disk scheduling<\/p><p>3. **Hardware Failures**<br>\u2014 Regular SMART checks<br>\u2014 Monitoring system logs<br>\u2014 Implementing RAID when necessary<\/p><p>## Security Considerations<\/p><p>1. **Access Control**<br>\u2014 Setting appropriate permissions<br>\u2014 Managing mount options<br>\u2014 Encrypting sensitive data<\/p><p>2. **Audit Trail**<br>\u2014 Logging disk operations<br>\u2014 Monitoring file system changes<br>\u2014 Tracking user activities<\/p><p>## Conclusion<\/p><p>Disk management in Linux\/Unix systems is critical for system stability and performance. Effective use of these commands and tools allows system administrators to quickly identify and resolve issues. Regular disk monitoring and maintenance increase system reliability and prevent data loss.<\/p><p>## Additional Resources<\/p><p>- Man pages for each command<br>- Online Linux documentation<br>- Community forums and support channels<br>- Professional training materials<\/p><p>Remember that proper disk management is essential for:<br>- System performance<br>- Data integrity<br>- Resource optimization<br>- System reliability<br>- Disaster recovery<\/p><p>Always stay updated with the latest tools and best practices in disk management to maintain an efficient and reliable system.<\/p>","excerpt":"Linux ve Unix sistemlerde disk y\u00f6netimi, sistem y\u00f6neticilerinin en temel g\u00f6revlerinden biridir. Bu makalede, disk y\u00f6netiminde kullan\u0131lan temel komutlar\u0131 ve kullan\u0131m ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 detayl\u0131 olarak inceleyece\u011fiz.","created_at":"2024-12-29 11:36:15","updated_at":"2026-09-07 12:34:49","category_id":10,"view_count":706,"reading_time":7,"status":"published","editor_choice":0,"is_editor_choice":0,"published_at":"2024-12-29 11:36:15","featured_image":"resimyok.jpg","slug":"linux-unix-sistemlerinde-disk-yonetimiyle-ilgili-kapsamli-bir-makale","category_name":"nix Linux Unix","category_slug":"nix-linux-unix","category_color":"#2a1952"},{"id":261,"title":"Yaz\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar \u0130\u00e7in Hayat Kurtaran Linux Komutlar\u0131 ve P\u00fcf Noktalar\u0131","content":"<p>Geli\u015ftiricilere y\u00f6nelik bu g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc Linux komutlar\u0131yla \u00fcretkenli\u011finizi art\u0131r\u0131n!<\/p><p>Komut sat\u0131r\u0131 aray\u00fcz\u00fc \u00e7o\u011fu teknoloji profesyoneli, \u00f6zellikle de geli\u015ftiriciler ve sistem y\u00f6neticileri i\u00e7in ekmek ve tereya\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ster komut dosyalar\u0131 yaz\u0131yor olun, ister sunucular\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131yor olun, ister g\u00f6revleri otomatikle\u015ftiriyor olun, Linux komutlar\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l kullanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 bilmek size saatlerce \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktan tasarruf ettirebilir.<\/p><p>Bu makalede, e\u011fer bir geli\u015ftiriciyseniz hayat\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rabilecek be\u015f komut sat\u0131r\u0131 hilesini inceleyece\u011fiz. Bunlar sadece \u201cbilinmesi g\u00fczel\u201d k\u0131sayollar de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda size zaman kazand\u0131racak ve terminalle etkile\u015fimlerinizi \u00e7ok daha verimli hale getirecek, oyunun kurallar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftiren \u015feylerdir.<\/p><p>mkdir<\/p><p>Her dizini tek tek olu\u015fturmak yerine mkdir ve {} parantezlerini kullanarak t\u00fcm bunlar\u0131 tek bir komutta birle\u015ftirebilirsiniz. Bu, dizin kombinasyonlar\u0131n\u0131 verimli bir \u015fekilde olu\u015fturman\u0131za olanak tan\u0131r.<\/p><p>mkdirmkdir -p {dev,test,prod}\/{backend,frontend}<\/p><p>-p bayra\u011f\u0131, mkdir'e gerekti\u011fi gibi \u00fcst dizinler olu\u015fturmas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yler (yani, \u00fcst dizinler hen\u00fcz mevcut de\u011filse hata atmaz).<\/p><p>mkdir<\/p><p>\u0130lk set {dev,test,prod} farkl\u0131 ortamlar i\u00e7in dizinler olu\u015fturur.<\/p><p>{dev,test,prod}<\/p><p>\u0130kinci set {backend,frontend} farkl\u0131 hizmetler i\u00e7in dizinler olu\u015fturur.<\/p><p>{backend,frontend}<\/p><p>Bu y\u00f6ntem, \u00f6zellikle karma\u015f\u0131k klas\u00f6r yap\u0131lar\u0131na sahip b\u00fcy\u00fck projeler kurdu\u011funuzda \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde zaman tasarrufu sa\u011flar ve insan hatas\u0131n\u0131 azalt\u0131r. Her kombinasyonu manuel olarak yazmak yerine, bunlar\u0131 k\u0131sa ve \u00f6z bir komutla tan\u0131mlayabilirsiniz.<\/p><p><strong>Tekrar tekrar cd .. Kullanmak Yerine cd - ile Geri D\u00f6n\u00fcn.<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>cd ..<\/strong> <strong>cd -<\/strong><\/p><p>Bir programc\u0131 olarak kendinizi derinlemesine i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7mi\u015f dizinler i\u00e7inde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken bulman\u0131z yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin projenizin k\u00f6k dizininden kod, yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyalar\u0131 veya g\u00fcnl\u00fckler i\u00e7in alt dizinlere ge\u00e7iyor olabilirsiniz. Ancak ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z yere d\u00f6nme zaman\u0131 geldi\u011finde, manuel olarak birden \u00e7ok kez cd .. yazarak geri d\u00f6nmek sinir bozucu ve hataya a\u00e7\u0131k hale gelebilir.<\/p><p>cd ..<\/p><blockquote><p>\/home\/user\/projects\/webapp\/src\/frontend\/components<\/p><\/blockquote><p>\/home\/user\/projects\/webapp\/src\/frontend\/components<\/p><p>Proje k\u00f6k\u00fcne d\u00f6nmek i\u00e7in normalde a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi birka\u00e7 kez cd .. yazman\u0131z gerekebilir:<\/p><p>cd ..<\/p><blockquote><p>cd ..<br>cd ..<br>cd ..<br>cd ..<\/p><\/blockquote><p>cd ..<br>cd ..<br>cd ..<br>cd ..<\/p><p>Bunlar \/home\/user\/projects\/'a geri d\u00f6nmek i\u00e7in gereken d\u00f6rt ayr\u0131 komuttur. Bu sadece s\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda nereden geldi\u011finizi unutmak da kolayd\u0131r.<\/p><p>\/home\/user\/projects\/<\/p><p>\u0130\u015fte daha basit, daha h\u0131zl\u0131 bir alternatif: \u0130\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7mi\u015f bir yap\u0131da ne kadar derine inmi\u015f olursan\u0131z olun, an\u0131nda \u00f6nceki dizininize d\u00f6nmek i\u00e7in cd - komutunu kullan\u0131n.<\/p><p>cd -cd -<\/p><p>cd - komutu \u00f6nceki dizini bellekte saklar, b\u00f6ylece onu kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda mevcut dizininizi son dizinle de\u011fi\u015ftirir. Bu, \u00f6zellikle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir dizin ile derinlemesine i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7mi\u015f bir dizin aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7i\u015f yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, iki dizin aras\u0131nda ileri geri gezinmenin son derece etkili bir yoludur.<\/p><p>cd -<\/p><p>Bu y\u00f6ntem \u00f6zellikle hata ay\u0131klarken veya bir projenin birden fazla b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131d\u0131r. Projenin k\u00f6k\u00fc ile derin bir alt dizini aras\u0131nda s\u0131k s\u0131k ge\u00e7i\u015f yapman\u0131z gerekiyorsa, cd - sizi uzun yollar yazmaktan veya ad\u0131m ad\u0131m yukar\u0131 gitmekten kurtar\u0131r.<\/p><p>cd - touch<\/p><p>\u0130ster test dosyalar\u0131, ister yer tutucular veya g\u00fcnl\u00fckler olu\u015fturuyor olun, birden fazla dosya olu\u015fturmak geli\u015ftiricilerin ortak bir g\u00f6revidir. Normalde dosyalar\u0131 birer birer olu\u015fturabilseniz de, \u00e7ok say\u0131da dosya i\u00e7in bunu manuel olarak yapmak k\u00fclfetli hale gelir. Neyse ki Linux, touch ve parantez {} i\u00e7indeki bir dizi say\u0131y\u0131 kullanarak tek bir komutla birden fazla dosya olu\u015fturman\u0131n bir yolunu sunuyor.<\/p><p>touch<\/p><p>test1.txt , test2.txt gibi bir dizi test senaryosu i\u00e7in test100.txt'ye kadar 100 numaral\u0131 dosya olu\u015fturman\u0131z gerekti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn. Bunu tek tek touch komutlar\u0131yla manuel olarak yapmak \u015funa benzer:<\/p><p>test1.txt test2.txt test100.txt touch<\/p><blockquote><p>touch test1.txt<br>touch test2.txt<br>touch test3.txt<br>\u2026<br>touch test100.txt<\/p><\/blockquote><p>touch test1.txt<br>touch test2.txt<br>touch test3.txt<br>\u2026<br>touch test100.txt<\/p><p>Tek seferde h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde birden fazla dosya olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in touch komutunu parantez {} i\u00e7ine bir dizi say\u0131 koyarak kullanabilirsiniz<\/p><p>touchtouch test{1..100}.txttouch test{1..10}.txt<\/p><p>Dizininizde a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki dosyalar\u0131 olu\u015fturur:<\/p><blockquote><p>test1.txt<br>test2.txt<br>test3.txt<br>\u2026<br>test10.txt<\/p><\/blockquote><p>test1.txt<br>test2.txt<br>test3.txt<br>\u2026<br>test10.txt<\/p><blockquote><p>history | awk \u2018{print $2}\u2019 | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr | head -n 10<\/p><\/blockquote><p>history | awk \u2018{print $2}\u2019 | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr | head -n 10<\/p><p>Bu komut zincirinin detayl\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131:<\/p><ul><li>history: Komut ge\u00e7mi\u015fini listeler<\/li><li>awk '{print $2}': Her sat\u0131rdan komutu ay\u0131klar<\/li><li>sort: Alfabetik s\u0131ralama yapar<\/li><li>uniq -c: Tekrar say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 sayar<\/li><li>sort -nr: Say\u0131ya g\u00f6re ters s\u0131ralama yapar<\/li><li>head -n 10: \u0130lk 10 sonucu g\u00f6sterir<\/li><li>history: Komut ge\u00e7mi\u015fini listeler<\/li><\/ul><p>history<\/p><ul><li>awk '{print $2}': Her sat\u0131rdan komutu ay\u0131klar<\/li><\/ul><p>awk '{print $2}'<\/p><ul><li>sort: Alfabetik s\u0131ralama yapar<\/li><\/ul><p>sort<\/p><ul><li>uniq -c: Tekrar say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 sayar<\/li><\/ul><p>uniq -c<\/p><ul><li>sort -nr: Say\u0131ya g\u00f6re ters s\u0131ralama yapar<\/li><\/ul><p>sort -nr<\/p><ul><li>head -n 10: \u0130lk 10 sonucu g\u00f6sterir<\/li><\/ul><p>head -n 10echo \"alias gl='git log - oneline'\" &gt;&gt; ~\/.bashrc<br>echo \"alias gst='git status -sb'\" &gt;&gt; ~\/.bashrc<br>source ~\/.bashrc<\/p><p>Kod Tarama ve Arama<\/p><p># JavaScript dosyalar\u0131nda console.log aramak<br>find . -type f -name \"*.js\" -not -path \".\/node_modules\/*\" | xargs grep \"console.log\"<br># Belirli bir string'i birden fazla dosya tipinde aramak<br>find . -type f \\( -name \"*.js\" -o -name \"*.ts\" \\) | xargs grep \"TODO\"<\/p><p>Son de\u011fi\u015ftirilen dosyalar\u0131 listeleme<\/p><p>ls -lrt<\/p><p>Belirli bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f dosyalar\u0131 bulma<\/p><p>find . -type f -mtime -7 # Son 7 g\u00fcnde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f dosyalar<\/p><p>S\u00fcre\u00e7 \u0130zleme ve Y\u00f6netimi<\/p><h2>Belirli bir process\u2019i bulma ve y\u00f6netme<\/h2><p>ps aux | grep node<br>pkill -f \"node\"ps aux - sort=-%cpu | head -n 10# Anl\u0131k CPU ve Bellek kullan\u0131m\u0131<br>top -o %CPU<br>htop<br><br># Disk I\/O izleme<br>iostat -x 1# Son 100 sat\u0131r log takibi<br>tail -f -n 100 \/var\/log\/application.log<br><br># Belirli bir hatay\u0131 i\u00e7eren loglar\u0131 bulma<br>grep -r \"ERROR\" \/var\/log\/* | cut -d: -f2- | sort | uniq -c# 7 g\u00fcnden eski log dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 bulma ve silme<br>find \/var\/log -name \"*.log\" -type f -mtime +7 -exec rm {} \\;<\/p><h2>Port ve Ba\u011flant\u0131 \u0130zleme<\/h2><p># A\u00e7\u0131k portlar\u0131 listeleme<br>netstat -tuln<br><br># Ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 izleme<br>ss -s<\/p><p><strong>HTTP \u0130steklerini Test Etme<\/strong><\/p><p># Basit HTTP iste\u011fi<br>curl -I https:\/\/api.example.com<br><br># Detayl\u0131 HTTP iste\u011fi<br>curl -v -X POST https:\/\/api.example.com\/data -d '{\"key\":\"value\"}'<br>&nbsp;<\/p><p>CTRL+R ile ge\u00e7mi\u015fte arama yapma<\/p><p># CTRL+R ile ge\u00e7mi\u015fte arama yapma<br># CTRL+R tu\u015funa tekrar basarak sonraki sonuca ge\u00e7me<br>&nbsp;<\/p><p>\u00c7oklu Terminal Y\u00f6netimi<\/p><p># Screen kullan\u0131m\u0131<br>screen -S session_name &nbsp;# Yeni oturum<br>screen -r &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;# Oturuma geri d\u00f6nme<br>CTRL+A+D &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; # Oturumdan ayr\u0131lma<\/p><p>Disk Kullan\u0131m\u0131 Analizi<\/p><p># Dizin boyutlar\u0131n\u0131 listeleme<br>du -sh *<br><br># En b\u00fcy\u00fck 10 dizini bulma<br>du -a \/ | sort -n -r | head -n 10# Dosya sistemi durumu<br>df -h<br><br># \u0130node kullan\u0131m\u0131<br>df -i# Sistem g\u00fcvenlik loglar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etme<br>sudo grep \"authentication failure\" \/var\/log\/auth.log<br>sudo tail -f \/var\/log\/audit\/audit.log<br><br># A\u00e7\u0131k portlar\u0131 ve servisleri tarama<br>nmap localhost<br>netstat -tulpn# G\u00fcvenli izin ayarlar\u0131<br>chmod 644 $(find . -type f)<br>chmod 755 $(find . -type d)<br><br># SUID\/SGID dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 bulma<br>find \/ -type f \\( -perm -4000 -o -perm -2000 \\) -exec ls -l {} \\;# Veritaban\u0131 yedekleme<br>mysqldump -u username -p database_name &gt; backup.sql<br><br># Yedek geri y\u00fckleme<br>mysql -u username -p database_name &lt; backup.sql<br><br># B\u00fcy\u00fck tablolar ve boyutlar\u0131<br>SELECT table_name, table_rows, data_length\/1024\/1024 'Data MB'<br>FROM information_schema.tables<br>ORDER BY data_length DESC;<\/p><p>PostgreSQL Komutlar\u0131<\/p><p># Veritaban\u0131 yedekleme<br>pg_dump dbname &gt; backup.sql<br><br># Veritaban\u0131 geri y\u00fckleme<br>psql dbname &lt; backup.sql<br><br># Aktif ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 listeleme<br>SELECT * FROM pg_stat_activity;<\/p><p>Docker Komutlar\u0131<\/p><p># Container y\u00f6netimi<br>docker ps -a<br>docker stats<br>docker system prune -a<br><br># Image y\u00f6netimi<br>docker images<br>docker rmi $(docker images -f \"dangling=true\" -q)<\/p><p>Kubernetes (K8s) Komutlar\u0131<\/p><p># Pod y\u00f6netimi<br>kubectl get pods -A<br>kubectl describe pod pod-name<br>kubectl logs pod-name -f<br><br># Servis kontrol\u00fc<br>kubectl get services<br>kubectl get deployments<\/p><p>Git \u0130\u015f Ak\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/p><p>Git Hooks<\/p><p>Sed Kullan\u0131m\u0131<\/p><p># Metin de\u011fi\u015ftirme<br>sed -i 's\/eski-text\/yeni-text\/g' dosya.txt<br><br># Belirli sat\u0131rlar\u0131 silme<br>sed -i '10,20d' dosya.txt<br><br># Sat\u0131r ekleme<br>sed -i '5i\\Yeni Sat\u0131r' dosya.txt<\/p><p>Awk Kullan\u0131m\u0131<\/p><p># Kolon i\u015flemleri<br>awk '{print $1,$4}' dosya.txt<br><br># Toplam hesaplama<br>awk '{sum += $3} END {print sum}' data.txt<br><br># Ko\u015fullu filtreleme<br>awk '$3 &gt; 1000 {print $0}' data.txt<\/p><p>Performans Analizi<\/p><p># CPU profili<br>perf top<br>perf record -F 99 -p `pgrep -n process-name`<br><br># Sistem \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131<br>strace -p process_id<br>ltrace .\/program<\/p><p>Fonksiyon \u00d6rnekleri<\/p><p># Hata yakalama<br>function error_handle() {<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; echo \"Hata: $1\" &gt;&amp;2<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; exit 1<br>}<br>trap 'error_handle \"Beklenmeyen hata!\"' ERR<br><br># Paralel i\u015flem<br>function parallel_process() {<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; for i in {1..10}; do<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; process_item $i &amp;<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; done<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; wait<br>}<\/p><p>Debug Teknikleri<\/p><p># Script debug modu<br>set -x &nbsp;# Debug ba\u015flat<br>set +x &nbsp;# Debug bitir<br><br># Detayl\u0131 hata ay\u0131klama<br>bash -x script.sh<\/p><p>G\u00fcvenlik Duvar\u0131 Y\u00f6netimi<\/p><p># UFW (Uncomplicated Firewall)<br>ufw status verbose<br>ufw allow 22\/tcp<br>ufw deny from 192.168.1.0\/24<br><br># iptables<br>iptables -L -n -v<br>iptables-save &gt; rules.backup<\/p><p>A\u011f Trafi\u011fi Analizi<\/p><p># tcpdump kullan\u0131m\u0131<br>tcpdump -i eth0 port 80<br>tcpdump -w capture.pcap<br><br># Wireshark CLI<br>tshark -i eth0 -f \"port 443\"<\/p><p><strong>Online E\u011fitimler<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Linux Academy<\/li><li>Udemy Kurslar\u0131<\/li><li>Linux Foundation E\u011fitimleri<\/li><li>Linux Academy<\/li><li>Udemy Kurslar\u0131<\/li><li>Linux Foundation E\u011fitimleri<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Dok\u00fcmantasyonlar<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Man Pages<\/li><li>Kernel Dok\u00fcmantasyonu<\/li><li>Distro-spesifik Rehberler<\/li><li>Man Pages<\/li><li>Kernel Dok\u00fcmantasyonu<\/li><li>Distro-spesifik Rehberler<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Topluluk Kaynaklar\u0131<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Stack Overflow<\/li><li>Unix &amp; Linux Stack Exchange<\/li><li>GitHub Repositories<\/li><li>Stack Overflow<\/li><li>Unix &amp; Linux Stack Exchange<\/li><li>GitHub Repositories<\/li><\/ul><p>Bu geni\u015fletilmi\u015f rehber, Linux sistem y\u00f6netimi ve yaz\u0131l\u0131m geli\u015ftirme s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131labilecek \u00e7e\u015fitli senaryolar i\u00e7in kapsaml\u0131 bir kaynak sunmaktad\u0131r. Komutlar\u0131n ve tekniklerin d\u00fczenli pratik edilmesi, sistem y\u00f6netimi ve geli\u015ftirme s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde verimlili\u011fi art\u0131racakt\u0131r.<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/mustafa-%C3%B6nder-ak%C3%B6z-23174592\/\">https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/mustafa-%C3%B6nder-ak%C3%B6z-23174592\/<\/a><\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/onder7\">https:\/\/github.com\/onder7<\/a><\/p>","excerpt":"Geli\u015ftiricilere y\u00f6nelik bu g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc Linux komutlar\u0131yla \u00fcretkenli\u011finizi art\u0131r\u0131n!\r\nKomut sat\u0131r\u0131 aray\u00fcz\u00fc \u00e7o\u011fu teknoloji profesyoneli, \u00f6zellikle de geli\u015ftiriciler ve sistem y\u00f6neticileri i\u00e7in ekmek ve tereya\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ster komut dosyalar\u0131 yaz\u0131yor olun, ister sunucular\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131yor olun, ister g\u00f6revleri...","created_at":"2024-12-29 11:35:45","updated_at":"2026-09-07 20:13:30","category_id":9,"view_count":671,"reading_time":9,"status":"published","editor_choice":0,"is_editor_choice":0,"published_at":"2024-12-29 11:35:45","featured_image":"resimyok.jpg","slug":"yazilimcilar-icin-hayat-kurtaran-linux-komutlari-ve-puf-noktalari","category_name":"Yaz\u0131l\u0131m","category_slug":"yazilim","category_color":"#ef4444"},{"id":284,"title":"Linux Sunucu G\u00fcvenli\u011fi: Sald\u0131r\u0131lara Kar\u015f\u0131 Tam Kapsaml\u0131 Koruma Rehberi","content":"<p>Her g\u00fcn binlerce siber sald\u0131r\u0131ya maruz kalan Linux sunucular\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fi, sistem y\u00f6neticileri i\u00e7in kritik bir \u00f6neme sahiptir. Bu makalede, sunucunuzu olas\u0131 tehditlere kar\u015f\u0131 nas\u0131l koruyaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m anlataca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p><p>Linux Sunucu G\u00fcvenli\u011fi: Sald\u0131r\u0131lara Kar\u015f\u0131 Tam Kapsaml\u0131 Koruma Rehberi<\/p><blockquote><p><i>makale uzun olaca\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in vakit bulduk\u00e7a g\u00fcncelliyorum\u2026<\/i><\/p><\/blockquote><p>Her g\u00fcn binlerce siber sald\u0131r\u0131ya maruz kalan Linux sunucular\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fi, sistem y\u00f6neticileri i\u00e7in kritik bir \u00f6neme sahiptir. Bu makalede, sunucunuzu olas\u0131 tehditlere kar\u015f\u0131 nas\u0131l koruyaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m anlataca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p><p>Neden Linux Sunucu G\u00fcvenli\u011fi \u00d6nemli?<br>Linux sunucular, i\u015fletmelerin dijital altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n belkemi\u011fini olu\u015fturur. Web siteleri, veritabanlar\u0131, e-posta sistemleri ve daha bir\u00e7ok kritik servis bu sunucular \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Bir g\u00fcvenlik ihlali, veri s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131ndan hizmet kesintilerine kadar ciddi sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furabilir.<\/p><p>Temel G\u00fcvenlik Katmanlar\u0131<\/p><p><strong>1. Eri\u015fim Kontrol\u00fc ve Kimlik Do\u011frulama<\/strong><br>- SSH g\u00fcvenlik yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131<br>- \u0130ki fakt\u00f6rl\u00fc kimlik do\u011frulama (2FA) implementasyonu<br>- Parola politikalar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi<br>- Kullan\u0131c\u0131 yetkilendirme kontrol\u00fc<\/p><p>Root Giri\u015fini Devre D\u0131\u015f\u0131 B\u0131rak\u0131n<\/p><p>Root kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z eri\u015fimi vard\u0131r, bu da onu sald\u0131rganlar\u0131n hedefi haline getirir. Root oturum a\u00e7ma i\u015fleminin devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131, sald\u0131rganlar\u0131n bu g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc hesaba do\u011frudan kaba kuvvet sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 giri\u015fiminde bulunmas\u0131n\u0131 engeller. Bunun yerine s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 izinlere sahip bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131r ve bu da riski azalt\u0131r.<\/p><p>sudo nano \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config<br>PermitRootLogin yes&nbsp;<br>#no de\u011fi\u015ftirin<br>PermitRootLogin no<br>#Dosyay\u0131 kaydedip kapat\u0131n<\/p><p>Anahtar Tabanl\u0131 SSH Kimlik Do\u011frulamas\u0131n\u0131 Kullan\u0131n<\/p><p>ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096<br>#Bu guvenli oturum acma icin bir genel-\u00f6zel anahtar \u00e7ifti olu\u015fturur.<br>#Genel anahtar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 sunucuya kopyalay\u0131n:<br>ssh-copy-id username@server_ip<br>#Parola tabanl\u0131 oturum a\u00e7may\u0131 devre disi birakin<br>sudo nano \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config<br>#no de\u011fi\u015ftirin<br>PasswordAuthentication no<br>sudo systemctl restart sshd<\/p><p>2. Sistem Sertle\u015ftirme<br>- Gereksiz servislerin devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131<br>- G\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 kurallar\u0131n\u0131n optimizasyonu<br>- Sistem g\u00fcncellemelerinin otomatikle\u015ftirilmesi<br>- Disk \u015fifreleme uygulamas\u0131<\/p><p>3. \u0130zleme ve M\u00fcdahale<br>- G\u00fcvenlik loglar\u0131n\u0131n merkezi y\u00f6netimi<br>- Anormal aktivite tespiti<br>- Otomatik m\u00fcdahale sistemleri<br>- D\u00fczenli g\u00fcvenlik taramalar\u0131<\/p><p>Proaktif G\u00fcvenlik \u00d6nlemleri<br>1. Sald\u0131r\u0131 Y\u00fczeyinin Azalt\u0131lmas\u0131<br>- A\u00e7\u0131k portlar\u0131n minimuma indirilmesi<br>- Servis izolasyonu<br>- Konteyner g\u00fcvenli\u011fi<br>- A\u011f segmentasyonu<\/p><p>2. G\u00fcvenlik \u0130hlali Tespiti<br>- Dosya b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck kontrol\u00fc<br>- Rootkit taramas\u0131<br>- K\u00f6t\u00fc ama\u00e7l\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131m analizi<br>- S\u0131zma testi uygulamalar\u0131<\/p><p>3. Yedekleme ve Kurtarma<br>- Otomatik yedekleme sistemleri<br>- Felaket kurtarma planlar\u0131<br>- Veri \u015fifreleme protokolleri<br>- D\u00fczenli kurtarma testleri<\/p><p>En \u0130yi Uygulamalar<br>1. G\u00fcncel Kal\u0131n<br>\u2014 G\u00fcvenlik yamalar\u0131n\u0131 h\u0131zl\u0131ca uygulay\u0131n<br>\u2014 Sistem bile\u015fenlerini d\u00fczenli g\u00fcncelleyin<br>\u2014 G\u00fcvenlik b\u00fcltenlerini takip edin<br>2. \u0130zleme ve Denetim<br>\u2014 Sistem aktivitelerini s\u00fcrekli izleyin<br>\u2014 \u015e\u00fcpheli davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 analiz edin<br>\u2014 G\u00fcvenlik olaylar\u0131n\u0131 belgelendirin<br>3. Ekip E\u011fitimi<br>\u2014 G\u00fcvenlik fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131 e\u011fitimleri<br>\u2014 Olay m\u00fcdahale prosed\u00fcrleri<br>\u2014 D\u00fczenli g\u00fcvenlik tatbikatlar\u0131<br>Savunma Derinli\u011fi Stratejisi<br>G\u00fcvenlik, tek bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmle sa\u011flanamaz. Katmanl\u0131 bir g\u00fcvenlik yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 gerektirir:<br>1. D\u0131\u015f Katman: A\u011f g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve eri\u015fim kontrol\u00fc<br>2. Orta Katman: Sistem s\u0131k\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma ve servis g\u00fcvenli\u011fi<br>3. \u0130\u00e7 Katman: Veri g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve \u015fifreleme<br><br>Linux sunucu g\u00fcvenli\u011fi, s\u00fcrekli evrimle\u015fen bir aland\u0131r. Bu rehberde \u00f6nerilen \u00f6nlemleri uygulayarak sunucunuzun g\u00fcvenlik seviyesini \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde art\u0131rabilirsiniz. Ancak g\u00fcvenli\u011fin bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 oldu\u011funu unutmay\u0131n \u2014 d\u00fczenli g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irme, g\u00fcncelleme ve iyile\u015ftirme gerektirir.<br>Ek Kaynaklar<br>- Linux Security Checklist<br>- G\u00fcvenlik Tarama Ara\u00e7lar\u0131<br>- \u00d6rnek G\u00fcvenlik Politikalar\u0131<br>- Olay M\u00fcdahale \u015eablonlar\u0131<br>Bu kapsaml\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 benimseyerek, Linux sunucunuzu modern tehditlere kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u015fekilde koruyabilirsiniz.<\/p>","excerpt":"Her g\u00fcn binlerce siber sald\u0131r\u0131ya maruz kalan Linux sunucular\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fi, sistem y\u00f6neticileri i\u00e7in kritik bir \u00f6neme sahiptir. Bu makalede, sunucunuzu olas\u0131 tehditlere kar\u015f\u0131 nas\u0131l koruyaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m anlataca\u011f\u0131z.","created_at":"2024-12-22 22:56:39","updated_at":"2026-09-23 11:33:43","category_id":10,"view_count":642,"reading_time":4,"status":"published","editor_choice":0,"is_editor_choice":0,"published_at":"2024-12-22 22:56:39","featured_image":"resimyok.jpg","slug":"linux-sunucu-guvenligi-saldirilara-karsi-tam-kapsamli-koruma-rehberi","category_name":"nix Linux Unix","category_slug":"nix-linux-unix","category_color":"#2a1952"},{"id":287,"title":"Siber G\u00fcvenli\u011fe Yeni Ba\u015flayanlar \u0130\u00e7in Temel Linux Becerileri","content":"<p>Linux komutlar\u0131na ve ara\u00e7lar\u0131na hakim oldu\u011funuzda ve tercih etti\u011finiz da\u011f\u0131t\u0131ma a\u015fina oldu\u011funuzda, komut dosyas\u0131 olu\u015fturmay\u0131 ve otomasyonu \u00f6\u011frenmek, siber g\u00fcvenlikte verimlili\u011fi ve \u00fcretkenli\u011fi art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in bir sonraki \u00f6nemli ad\u0131md\u0131r. Bu i\u015flemleri kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z nedir bu Bash ,Python ve PowerShell<\/p><p><strong>Bash<\/strong>: Unix tabanl\u0131 sistemlerde kabuk komut dosyas\u0131 olu\u015fturma ve g\u00f6revleri otomatikle\u015ftirme i\u00e7in gereklidir. Sistem y\u00f6netimi ve tekrarlanan komut sat\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6revlerinin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi i\u00e7in idealdir.<\/p><p><strong>Python<\/strong>: Siber g\u00fcvenlikte yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan, \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 \u200b\u200bdostu bir dil. A\u00e7\u0131k s\u00f6zdizimi, onu otomasyon komut dosyalar\u0131 yazmak, veri analizi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek ve CTF veya g\u00fcvenlik ara\u00e7lar\u0131 geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in m\u00fckemmel k\u0131lar.<\/p><p><strong>PowerShell <\/strong>: Linux\u2019a \u00f6zg\u00fc olmasa da, PowerShell, Windows sistemlerini y\u00f6netmek ve bir Linux konsolundan bile g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6revlerini y\u00fcr\u00fctmek i\u00e7in giderek daha \u00f6nemli hale geliyor. Dosyas\u0131z sald\u0131r\u0131lar ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek, kodlanm\u0131\u015f veriler olu\u015fturmak ve ters kabuklar olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p><p>Uzmanla\u015fman\u0131z gereken en \u00f6nemli ara\u00e7lardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p><ul><li><strong>Nmap<\/strong>: A\u00e7\u0131k ba\u011flant\u0131 noktalar\u0131n\u0131 ve hizmetleri tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc a\u011f tarama ve ke\u015fif arac\u0131.<\/li><li><strong>Metasploit<\/strong>: G\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 test etmek, s\u0131ralamak, sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctmek ve tespitten ka\u00e7\u0131nmak i\u00e7in ara\u00e7lar i\u00e7eren g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u00e7er\u00e7eve.<\/li><li><strong>Burp Suite<\/strong>: Web uygulamas\u0131 kusurlar\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mlamak ve kullanmak i\u00e7in kapsaml\u0131 web g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 taray\u0131c\u0131s\u0131.<\/li><li><strong>Wireshark<\/strong>: A\u011f trafi\u011fini ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 olarak yakalamak ve incelemek i\u00e7in geli\u015fmi\u015f a\u011f protokol\u00fc analiz\u00f6r\u00fc.<\/li><li><strong>IPTables<\/strong>: A\u011f trafi\u011fi kurallar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netmek ve yap\u0131land\u0131rmak i\u00e7in yerel Linux g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131.<\/li><li><strong>Snort<\/strong>: Ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 a\u011f trafi\u011fini izlemek ve analiz etmek i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc a\u011f sald\u0131r\u0131 tespit ve \u00f6nleme sistemi.<\/li><li><strong>Nessus<\/strong>: Sistemlerdeki g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 tespit etmek ve de\u011ferlendirmek i\u00e7in yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 taray\u0131c\u0131s\u0131.<\/li><li><strong>Aircrack-ng<\/strong>: \u015eifrelemeyi k\u0131rarak ve g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 test ederek Wi-Fi a\u011f g\u00fcvenli\u011fini de\u011ferlendirmek i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015f bir ara\u00e7 paketi.<\/li><li><strong>tcpdump<\/strong>: A\u011f trafi\u011fini ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bilgilerle yakalayan ve analiz eden bir komut sat\u0131r\u0131 paket analiz\u00f6r\u00fc.<\/li><li><strong>John the Ripper<\/strong>: \u00c7e\u015fitli k\u0131rma teknikleriyle \u015fifrelerin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc test eden \u015fifre k\u0131rma arac\u0131.<\/li><li><strong>Hashcat<\/strong>: \u015eifrelenmi\u015f parolalara kaba kuvvet ve s\u00f6zl\u00fck sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilen geli\u015fmi\u015f parola kurtarma arac\u0131.<\/li><li><strong>Splunk Free<\/strong>: Tehditleri ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 olarak tespit etmek ve bunlara yan\u0131t vermek i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenlik verilerini toplamak ve analiz etmek i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc SIEM arac\u0131.<\/li><li><strong>Nmap<\/strong>: A\u00e7\u0131k ba\u011flant\u0131 noktalar\u0131n\u0131 ve hizmetleri tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc a\u011f tarama ve ke\u015fif arac\u0131.<\/li><li><strong>Metasploit<\/strong>: G\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 test etmek, s\u0131ralamak, sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctmek ve tespitten ka\u00e7\u0131nmak i\u00e7in ara\u00e7lar i\u00e7eren g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u00e7er\u00e7eve.<\/li><li><strong>Burp Suite<\/strong>: Web uygulamas\u0131 kusurlar\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mlamak ve kullanmak i\u00e7in kapsaml\u0131 web g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 taray\u0131c\u0131s\u0131.<\/li><li><strong>Wireshark<\/strong>: A\u011f trafi\u011fini ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 olarak yakalamak ve incelemek i\u00e7in geli\u015fmi\u015f a\u011f protokol\u00fc analiz\u00f6r\u00fc.<\/li><li><strong>IPTables<\/strong>: A\u011f trafi\u011fi kurallar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netmek ve yap\u0131land\u0131rmak i\u00e7in yerel Linux g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131.<\/li><li><strong>Snort<\/strong>: Ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 a\u011f trafi\u011fini izlemek ve analiz etmek i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc a\u011f sald\u0131r\u0131 tespit ve \u00f6nleme sistemi.<\/li><li><strong>Nessus<\/strong>: Sistemlerdeki g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 tespit etmek ve de\u011ferlendirmek i\u00e7in yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 taray\u0131c\u0131s\u0131.<\/li><li><strong>Aircrack-ng<\/strong>: \u015eifrelemeyi k\u0131rarak ve g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 test ederek Wi-Fi a\u011f g\u00fcvenli\u011fini de\u011ferlendirmek i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015f bir ara\u00e7 paketi.<\/li><li><strong>tcpdump<\/strong>: A\u011f trafi\u011fini ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bilgilerle yakalayan ve analiz eden bir komut sat\u0131r\u0131 paket analiz\u00f6r\u00fc.<\/li><li><strong>John the Ripper<\/strong>: \u00c7e\u015fitli k\u0131rma teknikleriyle \u015fifrelerin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc test eden \u015fifre k\u0131rma arac\u0131.<\/li><li><strong>Hashcat<\/strong>: \u015eifrelenmi\u015f parolalara kaba kuvvet ve s\u00f6zl\u00fck sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilen geli\u015fmi\u015f parola kurtarma arac\u0131.<\/li><li><strong>Splunk Free<\/strong>: Tehditleri ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 olarak tespit etmek ve bunlara yan\u0131t vermek i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenlik verilerini toplamak ve analiz etmek i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc SIEM arac\u0131.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Linux Komut Sat\u0131r\u0131n\u0131z\u0131, Komut Dosyan\u0131z\u0131 ve Otomasyon Becerilerinizi Art\u0131racak Pratik Ad\u0131mlar<\/strong><\/p><p><i>\u00d6zel takma adlar olu\u015fturmak, uzun komutlar\u0131 basit k\u0131sayollara indirgeyerek zamandan tasarruf sa\u011flayabilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin bu sat\u0131rlar\u0131 ~\/.bashrc dosyan\u0131za ekleyebilirsiniz.<\/i><\/p><p><i>~\/.bashrc<\/i>alias update='sudo apt update &amp;&amp; sudo apt upgrade -y'<br>alias scan='nmap -A -T4'<br><br>#Bu takma adlar, sisteminizi g\u00fcncellemenize veya tek bir kelimeyle standart&nbsp;<br>#bir Nmap taramas\u0131 #ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmenize olanak tan\u0131yarak i\u015f ak\u0131\u015f\u0131&nbsp;<br>#verimlili\u011finizi art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p><p>Zsh ve Oh-My-Zsh\u2019e ge\u00e7erek kabu\u011funuzu \u00f6zelle\u015ftirin<\/p><p><i>Zsh, Bash\u2019in yerini alabilecek, daha iyi otomatik tamamlama, eklentiler ve temalar sunan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir kabuktur.Zsh\u2019ye ge\u00e7i\u015f yapmak ve Oh My Zsh\u2019i y\u00fcklemek, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u00f6zellikler ve \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilebilir bir ortamla terminal deneyiminizi geli\u015ftirir.<\/i><\/p><p>sudo apt install zsh -y<br>chsh -s $(which zsh)<br>sh -c \"$(curl -fsSL https:\/\/raw.githubusercontent.com\/ohmyzsh\/ohmyzsh\/master\/tools\/install.sh)\"<br><br>#Bu kurulum, zsh'yi y\u00fckler, buna varsay\u0131lan kabu\u011funuz olarak ge\u00e7i\u015f yapar ve&nbsp;<br>#kabu\u011funuzun i\u015flevselli\u011fini temalar ve eklentilerle geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in&nbsp;<br>#Oh My Zsh'i y\u00fckler.<\/p><h2>Komut Dosyas\u0131 Olu\u015fturma ve Otomasyon<\/h2><p>Sezar \u015fifrelerini kaba kuvvetle kullanmak i\u00e7in kendi Python beti\u011finize sahip olmak, s\u00fcreci kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r ve \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i ara\u00e7lara g\u00fcvenmeden herhangi bir varyasyonu \u00e7evrimd\u0131\u015f\u0131 olarak \u00e7\u00f6zmenize olanak tan\u0131r.<\/p><p>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komut dosyas\u0131, ROT-1'i ROT-25 (art\u0131 ROT-47) \u015fifrelerine kaba kuvvetle zorlar. Bir arg\u00fcman olarak bir dosya ad\u0131 sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, i\u00e7indeki metnin \u015fifresi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fcr ve t\u00fcm olas\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.txt dosyas\u0131na kaydedilir. Arg\u00fcman olmadan, kullan\u0131c\u0131dan do\u011frudan \u015fifreli bir metin girmesini ister.<\/p><h2>ctf\/crypto\/rot-bruteforcev2.py at main \u00b7 cybersecmaverick\/ctf<\/h2><h3>Contribute to cybersecmaverick\/ctf development by creating an account on GitHub.<\/h3><p>github.com<\/p><p>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00f6rnekte bize ROT \u015fifreli \u201c PGS{guvf_vf_n_fnzcyr_synt} \u201d dizesi verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p><p>Bash ile Temel Kod \u00c7\u00f6zmeyi Otomatikle\u015ftirme<\/p><p>Yayg\u0131n g\u00f6rev, Base32, Base64 ve Base58 gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli temel kodlama \u015femalar\u0131yla kodlanm\u0131\u015f dizelerin kodunu \u00e7\u00f6zmek<\/p><p>Bir bash beti\u011fi, verilen kodlanm\u0131\u015f dizenin kodunu en pop\u00fcler temel kodlama \u015femalar\u0131yla otomatik olarak \u00e7\u00f6zmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilir, b\u00f6ylece CTF zorluklar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda bize de\u011ferli zaman kazand\u0131r\u0131r ve her olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n kodunu manuel olarak \u00e7\u00f6zmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktan kaynaklanan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fckleri azalt\u0131r.<\/p><h2>ctf\/scripts\/conversions\/base-decoder.sh at main \u00b7 cybersecmaverick\/ctf<\/h2><h3>Contribute to cybersecmaverick\/ctf development by creating an account on GitHub.<\/h3><p>github.com<\/p><p>Linux-fu becerilerinizi geli\u015ftirmeye devam etmek i\u00e7in bu kaynaklardan yararlan\u0131n.<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/linuxjourney.com\/\">LinuxJourney<strong>.<\/strong>com<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/tryhackme.com\/module\/linux-fundamentals\">https:\/\/tryhackme.com\/module\/linux-fundamentals<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.offsec.com\/courses\/pen-103\/\">https:\/\/www.offsec.com\/courses\/pen-103\/<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.codecademy.com\/\">https:\/\/www.codecademy.com\/<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/linuxjourney.com\/\">LinuxJourney<strong>.<\/strong>com<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/tryhackme.com\/module\/linux-fundamentals\">https:\/\/tryhackme.com\/module\/linux-fundamentals<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.offsec.com\/courses\/pen-103\/\">https:\/\/www.offsec.com\/courses\/pen-103\/<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.codecademy.com\/\">https:\/\/www.codecademy.com\/<\/a><\/li><\/ul><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/mustafa-%C3%B6nder-ak%C3%B6z-23174592\/\">https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/mustafa-%C3%B6nder-ak%C3%B6z-23174592\/<\/a><\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/onder7\">https:\/\/github.com\/onder7<\/a><\/p>","excerpt":"Linux komutlar\u0131na ve ara\u00e7lar\u0131na hakim oldu\u011funuzda ve tercih etti\u011finiz da\u011f\u0131t\u0131ma a\u015fina oldu\u011funuzda, komut dosyas\u0131 olu\u015fturmay\u0131 ve otomasyonu \u00f6\u011frenmek, siber g\u00fcvenlikte verimlili\u011fi ve \u00fcretkenli\u011fi art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in bir sonraki \u00f6nemli ad\u0131md\u0131r. Bu i\u015flemleri kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z nedir bu Bash ,Python ve PowerShell","created_at":"2024-12-15 14:46:11","updated_at":"2026-09-07 17:14:44","category_id":7,"view_count":817,"reading_time":7,"status":"published","editor_choice":0,"is_editor_choice":0,"published_at":"2024-12-15 14:46:11","featured_image":"resimyok.jpg","slug":"siber-guvenlige-yeni-baslayanlar-icin-temel-linux-becerileri","category_name":"Cyber Security","category_slug":"cyber-security","category_color":"#10b981"}]