{"id":62,"title":"A\u011f Sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00c7\u00f6zmek \u0130\u00e7in 5 Temel Komut ve Ayrt\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 Anlat\u0131m","content":"<p><strong><iframe style=\"width: 758px; height: 425px;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/3sonwYgzrro?si=cTBFj5mczsQy00da\" width=\"758\" height=\"425\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Sistem y&ouml;neticileri bilir:<\/strong> Bir \u015fey \"&ccedil;al\u0131\u015fm\u0131yor\" dendi\u011finde, %80 ihtimalle sorun a\u011f kaynakl\u0131d\u0131r. Neyse ki, y\u0131llar\u0131n tecr&uuml;besiyle s&uuml;z&uuml;lm&uuml;\u015f basit komutlar, problemi dakikalar i&ccedil;inde tespit etmenizi sa\u011flar. \u0130\u015fte her sistemcinin ezbere bildi\u011fi 5 ara&ccedil; ve neden vazge&ccedil;ilmez olduklar\u0131:<\/p>\n<h2><code>ss -tuln<\/code>: Dinlenen Portlar\u0131 An\u0131nda G&ouml;ster<\/h2>\n<h3>Ne \u0130\u015fe Yarar?<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Hangi portlar\u0131n a&ccedil;\u0131k oldu\u011funu, hangi servislerin hangi IP adreslerinde &ccedil;al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 listeler<\/li>\n<li><code>netstat<\/code>'\u0131n modern ve daha h\u0131zl\u0131 alternatifi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Neden &Ouml;nemli?<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\"Port a&ccedil;\u0131k m\u0131?\" sorusuna an\u0131nda cevap verir<\/li>\n<li>Firewall kurallar\u0131n\u0131 test etmeden &ouml;nce ilk bak\u0131lacak yer<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>&nbsp;&Ouml;rnek &Ccedil;\u0131kt\u0131 Analizi<\/h3>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">$ sudo ss -tulnp\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>&Ccedil;\u0131kt\u0131dan &Ouml;ne &Ccedil;\u0131kanlar:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Port 80 (HTTP):<\/strong> Web sunucusu aktif<\/li>\n<li><strong>Port 22 (SSH):<\/strong> Uzak eri\u015fim a&ccedil;\u0131k<\/li>\n<li><strong>Port 53 (DNS):<\/strong> Yerel DNS &ccedil;&ouml;z&uuml;mlemesi<\/li>\n<li><strong>Port 631 (CUPS):<\/strong> Yaz\u0131c\u0131 servisi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>&nbsp;G&uuml;venlik \u0130pu&ccedil;lar\u0131<\/h3>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># Sadece belirli IP'den SSH eri\u015fimi\nsudo ufw allow from 192.168.1.0\/24 to any port 22\n\n# Gereksiz servisleri kapatma\nsudo systemctl stop cups\nsudo systemctl disable cups\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<hr>\n<h2><code>dig +short<\/code>: DNS Sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 De\u015fifre Et<\/h2>\n<h3>Ne \u0130\u015fe Yarar?<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Alan ad\u0131n\u0131n DNS &ccedil;&ouml;z&uuml;mlemesini yapar (domain &rarr; IP)<\/li>\n<li>DNS sunucu sorgulama ve kay\u0131t kontrol&uuml;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Neden &Ouml;nemli?<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\"DNS &ccedil;al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor mu?\" sorusunun en h\u0131zl\u0131 yan\u0131t\u0131<\/li>\n<li>CDN, load balancer veya bulut servislerinde ya\u015fanan gecikmelerin kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bulma<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>&nbsp;Kullan\u0131m &Ouml;rnekleri<\/h3>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># Domain &rarr; IP &ccedil;&ouml;z&uuml;mleme\ndig +short ondernet.net\n\n# MX kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 g&ouml;rme\ndig +short mx google.com\n\n# Belirli DNS sunucusu sorgulama\ndig +short @8.8.8.8 google.com\n\n# Detayl\u0131 DNS sorgulama\ndig +trace example.com\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<hr>\n<h2><code>tcpdump<\/code>: Ger&ccedil;ek Zamanl\u0131 A\u011f Trafi\u011fini Dinle<\/h2>\n<h3>Ne \u0130\u015fe Yarar?<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Belirtilen a\u011f arabiriminden ge&ccedil;en trafi\u011fi analiz eder<\/li>\n<li>Paket seviyesinde a\u011f dinleme<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Neden &Ouml;nemli?<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\"\u0130stek sunucuya ula\u015ft\u0131 m\u0131?\" veya \"Yan\u0131t d&ouml;n&uuml;yor mu?\" sorular\u0131n\u0131 canl\u0131 izleme<\/li>\n<li>API hatalar\u0131nda \"Timeout m\u0131, yoksa paket kayb\u0131 m\u0131?\" ayr\u0131m\u0131<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>&nbsp;Kurulum<\/h3>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># Debian\/Ubuntu\nsudo apt update &amp;&amp; sudo apt install tcpdump -y\n\n# RHEL\/CentOS\nsudo yum install tcpdump -y\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>Temel Kullan\u0131m<\/h3>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># HTTP trafi\u011fini dinleme\nsudo tcpdump -i eth0 port 80 -n\n\n# Belirli IP'ye giden trafi\u011fi izleme\nsudo tcpdump -i eth0 host 192.168.1.100\n\n# Paketleri dosyaya kaydetme\nsudo tcpdump -i eth0 -w capture.pcap\n\n# Sadece ilk 5 paketi g&ouml;rme\nsudo tcpdump -i eth0 -c 5 port 443\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<hr>\n<h2><code>traceroute\/tracepath<\/code>: Paketin Yolculu\u011funu Takip Et<\/h2>\n<h3>Ne \u0130\u015fe Yarar?<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>IP adresine giden paketlerin ge&ccedil;ti\u011fi y&ouml;nlendiricileri ad\u0131m ad\u0131m g&ouml;sterir<\/li>\n<li>A\u011f gecikmelerini ve kay\u0131plar\u0131 tespit eder<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Neden &Ouml;nemli?<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\"Gecikme nereden kaynaklan\u0131yor?\" sorusunu yan\u0131tlar<\/li>\n<li>Firewall veya routing problemlerini tespit eder<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>&nbsp;&Ccedil;\u0131kt\u0131 Yorumlama<\/h3>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">tracepath google.com\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>Dikkat Edilecekler:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\"no reply\"<\/strong> mesajlar\u0131: ICMP engellenmi\u015f olabilir (normal davran\u0131\u015f)<\/li>\n<li><strong>asymm<\/strong> i\u015fareti: Gidi\u015f-d&ouml;n&uuml;\u015f yollar\u0131 farkl\u0131<\/li>\n<li><strong>pmtu de\u011fi\u015fimi<\/strong>: MTU boyutu de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Alternatif Ara&ccedil;lar<\/h3>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># Daha detayl\u0131 analiz i&ccedil;in\nmtr google.com\n\n# MTU testi\nping -s 1472 -M do google.com\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<hr>\n<h2><code>curl -v<\/code>: HTTP Hatalar\u0131n\u0131 Detayl\u0131 G&ouml;r<\/h2>\n<h3>Ne \u0130\u015fe Yarar?<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>HTTP\/HTTPS isteklerini detayl\u0131 &ccedil;al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r<\/li>\n<li>Header'lar, SSL handshake, y&ouml;nlendirmeleri g&ouml;sterir<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Neden &Ouml;nemli?<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>HTTP durum kodlar\u0131n\u0131 an\u0131nda g&ouml;rme (404, 500, 503 vb.)<\/li>\n<li>SSL sertifika problemlerini tespit<\/li>\n<li>API debugging i&ccedil;in vazge&ccedil;ilmez<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>&nbsp;Kullan\u0131m &Ouml;rnekleri<\/h3>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># Detayl\u0131 HTTP iste\u011fi\ncurl -v http:\/\/example.com\n\n# Sadece header'lar\u0131 g&ouml;rme\ncurl -I https:\/\/example.com\n\n# SSL sertifika detaylar\u0131\ncurl -vI --ssl https:\/\/example.com\n\n# Y&ouml;nlendirmeleri takip etme\ncurl -L -v http:\/\/example.com\n\n# Response time &ouml;l&ccedil;&uuml;m&uuml;\ncurl -w \"@curl-format.txt\" -o \/dev\/null -s http:\/\/example.com\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<hr>\n<h2>Pro \u0130pu&ccedil;lar\u0131<\/h2>\n<h3>1. <strong>Ger&ccedil;ek Zamanl\u0131 \u0130zleme<\/strong><\/h3>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">watch -n 1 'ss -tuln | grep LISTEN'\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>2. <strong>T&uuml;m Ara&ccedil;lar\u0131 Y&uuml;kleme<\/strong><\/h3>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># Debian\/Ubuntu\nsudo apt install net-tools dnsutils tcpdump traceroute curl mtr -y\n\n# RHEL\/CentOS\nsudo yum install net-tools bind-utils tcpdump traceroute curl mtr -y\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>3. <strong>H\u0131zl\u0131 A\u011f Kontrol&uuml; Script'i<\/strong><\/h3>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">#!\/bin\/bash\necho \"=== Port Kontrol&uuml; ===\"\nss -tuln | grep LISTEN\necho -e \"\\n=== DNS Testi ===\"\ndig +short google.com\necho -e \"\\n=== Ba\u011flant\u0131 Testi ===\"\nping -c 2 8.8.8.8\necho -e \"\\n=== HTTP Testi ===\"\ncurl -Is https:\/\/google.com | head -1\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>4. <strong>Windows Alternatifleri<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><code>ss<\/code> &rarr; <code>netstat -an<\/code><\/li>\n<li><code>dig<\/code> &rarr; <code>nslookup<\/code> veya <code>Resolve-DnsName<\/code><\/li>\n<li><code>traceroute<\/code> &rarr; <code>tracert<\/code><\/li>\n<li><code>curl<\/code> &rarr; <code>Invoke-WebRequest<\/code> (PowerShell)<\/li>\n<li><code>tcpdump<\/code> &rarr; Wireshark veya <code>netsh trace<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<h2>&nbsp;Hata Ay\u0131klama Ak\u0131\u015f \u015eemas\u0131<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Port dinleniyor mu?<\/strong> &rarr; <code>ss -tuln<\/code><\/li>\n<li><strong>DNS &ccedil;&ouml;z&uuml;mleniyor mu?<\/strong> &rarr; <code>dig +short<\/code><\/li>\n<li><strong>Paketler hedefe ula\u015f\u0131yor mu?<\/strong> &rarr; <code>traceroute<\/code><\/li>\n<li><strong>HTTP yan\u0131t al\u0131n\u0131yor mu?<\/strong> &rarr; <code>curl -v<\/code><\/li>\n<li><strong>Trafik ak\u0131yor mu?<\/strong> &rarr; <code>tcpdump<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr>\n<h2>&nbsp;Bonus: Sorun &Ccedil;&ouml;zme Zaman\u0131n\u0131 %90 Azaltan Kombo<\/h2>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># Tek sat\u0131rda h\u0131zl\u0131 network kontrol&uuml;\necho \"Ports:\" &amp;&amp; ss -tuln | grep -E \":(80|443|22|3306|5432)\" &amp;&amp; echo \"DNS:\" &amp;&amp; dig +short google.com &amp;&amp; echo \"Gateway:\" &amp;&amp; ip route | grep default &amp;&amp; echo \"External IP:\" &amp;&amp; curl -s ifconfig.me\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<hr>\n<p><strong>Not:<\/strong> Bu komutlar Linux\/Unix sistemler i&ccedil;indir. Windows kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 WSL (Windows Subsystem for Linux) kullanarak ayn\u0131 komutlar\u0131 &ccedil;al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rabilir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Hangi komut sizin en s\u0131k kurtar\u0131c\u0131n\u0131z oluyor? Yorumlarda payla\u015f\u0131n!<\/strong> \ud83d\udc47<\/p>","excerpt":"Sistem y\u00f6neticileri bilir: Bir \u015fey \"\u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131yor\" dedi\u011finizde, %80 ihtimalle sorun a\u011f kaynakl\u0131d\u0131r. Neyse ki, y\u0131llar\u0131n tecr\u00fcbesiyle...","created_at":"2025-06-02 09:45:56","updated_at":"2026-09-08 02:56:20","category_id":10,"view_count":732,"reading_time":5,"status":"published","editor_choice":0,"is_editor_choice":0,"published_at":"2025-06-02 09:45:00","featured_image":"\/uploads\/images\/2025\/12\/69479471e80c3_1766298737.png","slug":"ag-sorunlarini-cozmek-icin-5-temel-komut-ve-ayrtintili-anlatim","category_name":"nix Linux Unix","category_slug":"nix-linux-unix"}